Kura-kura Sungai Amerika Tengah

Kura-kura Sungai Amerika Tengah
	Spesimen dari Zoo Prague
Status pemuliharaan
	; Terancam genting (IUCN 3.1)
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Klad:	Americhelydia
Keluarga:	Dermatemydidae
Genus:	Dermatemys; Gray, 1847
Spesies:	D. mawii
Nama binomial
	Dermatemys mawii; Gray, 1847
Sinonim
	Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847:55; Emys berardii Duméril & Bibron 1851:11; Dermatemys abnormis Cope 1868:120; Dermatemys salvinii Gray 1870b:50; Limnochelone micrura Werner 1901b:298;

Kura-kura Sungai Amerika Tengah (Dermatemys mawii), juga dikenali sebagai hickatee atau tortuga blanca (kura-kura putih),^[8] satu-satunya spesies hidup dari keluarga Dermatemydidae. mempunyai saudara terdekat dengan 19 genus yang kini telah menjadi fosil dari zaman Jurasik dan Cretaceous.^[8] Spesies ini dijumpai di kawasan sungai berhampiran perairan Atlantik di Amerika Tengah, iaitu selatan Mexico, Belize dan Guatemala.^[8] Bersaiz agak besar 60 cm (24 in) dan berat sehingga 22 kg (49 lb); Rekod tekini, mengesahkan terdapat individu dengan berat 14 kg (31 lb) di Mexico atau 11 kg (24 lb) di Guatemala.^[8]

Etimologi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nama mawii, adalah penghormatan kepada seorang pengumpul haiwan, Lieutenant Mawe of the British Navy.^[9]

Ciri-ciri[sunting | sunting sumber]

D. mawii mempunyai cangkerang belakang (karapas), yang rendah, hampir rata, licin. Mempunyai warna coklat, hampir gelap, kelabu atau zaitun.^[8] Cangkerang perut (plastronnya) pula berwarna putih kekuningan.^[8] Anak Kura-kura yang lebih kecil mempunyai jungkir di tengah-tengah karapas, dan semakin hilang apabila dewasa. Warna kulitnya sama dengan cangkerang, dengan tanda seakan-akan merah di sepanjang leher dan bawahnya. Kura-kura jantan mempunyai tanda kuning pada sisi kepalanya dan berekor panjang berbanding betina.

Perlakuan dan Habitat[sunting | sunting sumber]

D. mawii ialah haiwan nokturnal, akuatik yang mendiami kawasan singai dan tasik di Amerika Tengah, sepanjang selatan Mexico ke sempadan Guatemala-Honduran border.^[8] Bersifat akuatik sepenuhnya dan hanya meninggalkan kawasan air untuk bertelur atau berjemur sahaja

Diet[sunting | sunting sumber]

D. mawii bersifat maun; makan bunga dan tumbuh-tumbuhan.^[8]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Vogt, R.C.; Gonzalez-Porter, G.P.; Van Dijk, P.P. (2006). "Dermatemys mawii". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2006: e.T6493A97409830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T6493A12783921.en. Dicapai pada 10 Januari 2018. Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (bantuan)
^ ^a ^b ^c Gray, John Edward. 1847. Description of a new genus of Emydae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847(15):55–56.
^ Duméril, André Marie Constant & Bibron, Gabriel. 1851. [Emys areolata, Emys berardii, Cinosternon leucostomum, Cinosternon cruentatum]. In: Duméril, A.M.C. & Duméril, A.H.A. Catalogue Methodique de la Collection des Reptiles (Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris). Paris: Gide and Baudry, 224 pp.
^ Cope, Edward D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton expedition to Equador [sic] and the upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:96–140.
^ Gray, John Edward. 1870b. Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). London: British Museum, 120 pp.
^ Werner, Franz. 1901. Neue Reptilien des Königsberger zoologischen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger 24:297–301.
^ Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk , P.P., Iverson, J.B., Shaffer, H.B., Bour, R., and Rhodin, A.G.J.]. 2012. Turtles of the world, 2012 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 000.243–000.328, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012, [1].
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Vogt, R.C., Polisar, J.R., Moll, D., & Gonzalez-Porter, G. 2011. Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847 – Central American River Turtle, Tortuga Blanca, Hickatee. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Samure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., & Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.) Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 058.1–058.12, doi:10.3854/crm.5.058.mawii.v1.2011, [2].
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael. 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Dermatemys mawii, p. 171).

Templat:Dermatemydidae

[iucn-1] Vogt, R.C.; Gonzalez-Porter, G.P.; Van Dijk, P.P. (2006). "Dermatemys mawii". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2006: e.T6493A97409830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T6493A12783921.en. Dicapai pada 10 Januari 2018. Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (bantuan)

[gray1847-2] Gray, John Edward. 1847. Description of a new genus of Emydae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847(15):55–56.

[dum&dum1851-3] Duméril, André Marie Constant & Bibron, Gabriel. 1851. [Emys areolata, Emys berardii, Cinosternon leucostomum, Cinosternon cruentatum]. In: Duméril, A.M.C. & Duméril, A.H.A. Catalogue Methodique de la Collection des Reptiles (Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris). Paris: Gide and Baudry, 224 pp.

[cope1868-4] Cope, Edward D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton expedition to Equador [sic] and the upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20:96–140.

[gray1870b-5] Gray, John Edward. 1870b. Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). London: British Museum, 120 pp.

[wern1901-6] Werner, Franz. 1901. Neue Reptilien des Königsberger zoologischen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger 24:297–301.

[ttwg-7] Turtle Taxonomy Working Group [van Dijk , P.P., Iverson, J.B., Shaffer, H.B., Bour, R., and Rhodin, A.G.J.]. 2012. Turtles of the world, 2012 update: annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 000.243–000.328, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012, [1].

[vogtetal-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Vogt, R.C., Polisar, J.R., Moll, D., & Gonzalez-Porter, G. 2011. Dermatemys mawii Gray 1847 – Central American River Turtle, Tortuga Blanca, Hickatee. In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Pritchard, P.C.H., van Dijk, P.P., Samure, R.A., Buhlmann, K.A., Iverson, J.B., & Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.) Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5, pp. 058.1–058.12, doi:10.3854/crm.5.058.mawii.v1.2011, [2].

[9] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael. 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Dermatemys mawii, p. 171).

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