Lihat sumber bagi Arnold Schwarzenegger

{{Infobox Governor
| name = Arnold Schwarzenegger
| image = Arnold Schwarzenegger by Gage Skidmore 4.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Schwarzenegger pada Julai 2019
| order = [[Gabenor]] [[California]] ke-38
| term_start = 17 November 2003
| term_end= 3 Januari 2011
| lieutenant =Cruz Bustamante<br>John Garamendi<br>Mona Pasquil (pemangku)</br>Abel Maldonado
| predecessor = Gray Davis
| successor = [[Jerry Brown]]
| order2 = Pengerusi Majlis Presiden bagi Kesihatan Fizikal dan Sukan
| term_start2 = 1990
| term_end2 = 1993
| president2 = [[George H. W. Bush]]
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|7|30}}
| birth_place = {{Flagicon|Austria}} Thal bei Graz, Steiermark, [[Austria]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = [[Austria]]-Amerika
| party = [[Parti Republikan (Amerika Syarikat)|Republikan]]
| spouse = Maria Shriver
| relations =
| children = 4
| residence = [[Los Angeles, California]]
| alma_mater = University of Wisconsin-Superior
| occupation =
| profession = [[bina badan]], [[pelakon]], [[ahli politik]], [[ahli perniagaan]] ([[pelaburan]])
| signature = Arnold Schwarzenegger Signature.svg
| website = [http://www.schwarzenegger.com/ schwarzenegger.com]
}}

'''Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger''' (lahir [[30 Julai]] [[1947]]; lebih dikenali sebagai '''Arnold Schwarzenegger''' atau '''Arnie''') adalah seorang [[pelakon]], ahli bina badan, ahli politik [[Parti Republikan (Amerika Syarikat)|Parti Republikan]], serta [[usahawan]] yang pernah menjawat sebagai [[Gabenor]] [[California]] ke-38.

== Latar belakang ==

=== Nama keluarganya ===
Nama keluarga Schwarzenegger dalam [[bahasa Jerman]] bermaksud "penghuni Schwarzenegg", nama sebuah kampung di Switzerland serta suatu tempat di [[Salzburg (negeri)|Salzburg, Austria]]. Nama "Schwarznegg" itu sendiri merupakan gabungan perkataan ''Schwarz'' "hitam" dan ''egg'' "rabung gunung".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unterlangenegg.ch/schwarzenegg|title=Schwarzenegg|publisher=Unterlangenegg|language=German|accessdate=2014-10-17}}</ref>

=== Masa kecil ===
Schwarzenegger dilahirkan di Thal, Styria, [[Austria]] kepada Gustav, seorang bekas pegawai tentera yang kemudiannya menjadi [[polis]]. Ibunya seorang suri rumah. Mereka sekeluarga hidup dalam keadaan sederhana dan tinggal di tingkat atas balai polis. Schwarzenegger mempunyai seorang abang bernama Meinhard yang terkorban dalam kemalangan jalan raya sewaktu dalam lingkungan usia dua puluhan. Mereka berdua dibesarkan dalam keluarga [[Katolik]] yang warak.

Sewaktu kecil, beliau mempunyai tubuh yang sederhana. Tetapi selepas melihat jaguh [[sukan Olimpik]] renang [[Johnny Weissmüller]] di [[Graz]], Schwarzenegger mula berminat dengan [[bina badan]] dan ingin menjadi seorang jaguh [[atlet]]. Lalu beliau pun mula berlatih untuk membina badannya.

Pada awalnya, Schwarzenegger dan abangnya terlibat dalam pelbagai jenis sukan seperti [[geluncur ais]], [[luncur air]], [[pengembaraan berjalan kaki]], [[berenang]] dan [[ping pong]]. Mereka berdua sering bersaing dalam sukan serta dalam pelajaran. Ayahandanya mengharap-harapkan Schwarzenegger menjadi seorang pemain [[bola sepak]] antarabangsa tetapi pada usia 13 tahun, beliau terkeluar daripada pasukan bola sepak sekolah.

Semasa remaja, Schwarzenegger amat meminati watak filem ''Hercules'', beliau sering kali menonton koleksi filem tersebut. Ini mendorongnya membaca majalah-majalah bina badan serta berlatih dalam bidang tersebut untuk meniru Hercules yang merupakan pujaannya.

== Penyertaan dalam arena bina badan ==
Pada [[1961]] ketika berusia 14 tahun, Schwarzenegger bertemu dengan [[Kurt Marnul]], bekas Mr. Austria. Marnul kagum dengan badan Schwarzenegger yang sasa dan menjemputnya berlatih di ''Athletic Union'', [[Graz]]. Selepas itu, beliau berlatih selama tujuh hari seminggu sehingga tercicir dari sekolah dan semakin kurang pergi ke [[gereja]]nya. Disamping itu, beliau memulakan latihan perintisnya sebagai seorang [[tukang kayu]]. 

Pada pertandingan pertamanya di sebuah [[hotel]] di Graz, Schwarzenegger menyandang tempat kedua. Pada [[1965]], beliau menyertai pasukan tentera Austria. Namun disebabkan pertandingan bina badan di [[Stuttgart]], [[Jerman]], beliau telah mengambil cuti tanpa kebenaran dan dipenjarakan selepas pemulangannya. Bagaimanapun, Schwarzenegger berjaya memenangi pertandingan tersebut dan dianugerahkan gelaran Mr. Eropah Junior.

Pada usia 20 tahun, Schwarzenegger berjaya mendapat gelaran "Mr. Jerman" dan naib johan untuk pertandingan "Mr. Universe" dalam percubaannya yang pertama. Pada [[1975]], beliau menamatkan kerjayanya sebagai ahli [[bina badan]]. Sewaktu itu, beliau telah mengumpul pelbagai gelaran: 
* [[Mr. Universe]] sebanyak lima kali;
* [[Mr. Olympia]] sebanyak enam kali; dan 
* [[Mr. World]] sekali. 
Lima tahun kemudiannya, Schwarzenegger kembali ke arena bina badan dan memenangi gelaran Mr. Olympia yang ketujuh.

==Schwarzenegger sebagai bintang filem==
{{See|Filemografi Arnold Schwarzenegger}}

Schwarzenegger mula menceburi bidang perfileman pada tahun [[1970]] melalui filem [[Hercules in New York|''Hercules in New York'']]. Disebabkan minat kepada watak Hercules yang amat mendalam, beliau sering memegang watak orang kuat seperti [[Conan|''Conan'']], [[Terminator|''Terminator'']] dan [[Commando|''Commando'']]. Pada [[1988]], beliau berlakon dalam ''Twins'', filem komedinya yang pertama, bersama pelawak terkenal [[Danny DeVito]]. 

Walaupun beliau lama terlibat dalam [[Hollywood]], Schwarzenegger hanya berjaya mendapat kerakyatan [[Amerika Syarikat]] pada [[1983]]. Tiga tahun kemudian, beliau berkahwin dengan [[Maria Shriver]], seorang juruhebah wanita yang jelita dan kini dikurniakan empat cahaya mata. 

Bidang perfileman telah memberi banyak kebahagiaan serta tekanan kepada Schwarzenegger. Kebanyakan filem aksinya telah mencapai jualan terlaris di seluruh dunia dan menjadikannya seorang jutawan. Walaupun begitu disebabkan tekanan kerja yang hebat, beliau terpaksa menjalani [[pembedahan jantung]] pada April [[1997]].

== Kerjaya politik ==
[[Fail:Arnold-Cheney.jpg|thumb|Naib Presiden [[Dick Cheney]] berjumpa dengan Schwarzenegger buat pertama kalinya di [[Rumah Putih]].]]

{{Main|Kerjaya Politik Arnold Schwarzenegger}}

Schwarzenegger merupakan ahli [[Parti Republikan (Amerika Syarikat)|Republikan]] sejak bertahun lamanya. Sebagai seorang pelakon, pandangan politik beliau biasanya diketahui ramai kerana ia bertentangan dengan banyak bintang-bintang ternama Hollywood, yang umumnya dikenali sebagai masyarakat yang cenderung kepada [[Moden liberalisme di the Amerika Syarikat|liberal]] dan [[Parti Demokrat (Amerika Syarikat)|Demokrat]]. Di [[Konvensyen Kebangsaan Republikan 2004]], Schwarzenegger telah memberikan ucapan dan menerangkan kenapa beliau memilih menjadi seorang Republikan:

{{cquote|Akhirnya saya sampai di sini dalam tahun 1968. Hari itu merupakan hari istimewa buat saya. Saya masih ingat saya sampai dengan kocek kosong tetapi penuh dengan impian, penuh dengan keinginan. Pada masa itu [[Pilihanraya Presiden Amerika Syarikat, 1968|kempen presiden]] sedang hangat berlangsung. Saya masih ingat saya melihat pencalonan presiden [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]]-[[Hubert Humphrey|Humphrey]] di dalam TV. Kawan saya yang pandai bercakap Jerman dan Inggeris menterjemah untuk saya. Saya mendengar perkara yang Humphrey bercakap yang kedengaran semacam [[sosialisme]], lalu sayapun tidak mengendahkannya.

Kemudian saya mendengar Nixon bercakap. Beliau sedang bercakap mengenai perusahaan bebas, membebaskan diri daripada kongkongan kerajaan, mengurangkan cukai dan menguatkan ketenteraan. Apa yang Nixon katakan semacam suatu benda yang baru. Saya pun bertanya kepada kawan saya, "Dia masuk parti mana?" Kawan saya cakap, "Dia seorang Republikan." Saya kata, "Maka saya pun juga seorang Republikan." Dan saya menjadi seorang Republikan sehingga kini.}}<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/31/gop.schwarzenegger.transcript/| year=August 31, 2004 | title=Schwarzenegger: No country more welcoming than the USA| publisher=CNN.com| accessdate=2007-05-30}}</ref>

Pada 1985, Schwarzenegger muncul di dalam video ''[[Stop the Madness]]'', satu muzik video anti-dadah tajaan pentadbiran [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]]. Dia mula dikenali awam sebagai seorang Republikan sewaktu pilihan raya presiden 1988, menemani Timbalan Presiden pada waktu itu iaitu [[George H. W. Bush]] at a campaign rally. Attacking Bush's Democratic opponents, he said to the crowd: "They all look like a bunch of girlie men, right?"<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Schwarzenegger deems opponents 'girlie-men' | date=2004-07-18 | publisher= | url =http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/07/18/MNGH57NKAF1.DTL | work =The San Francisco Chronicle | pages = | accessdate = 2007-04-17 | language = }}</ref>

Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the [[President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports]], on which he served from 1990 to 1993.<ref name="lifeline"/> He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him "[[Conan the Barbarian|Conan]] the Republican". He later served as Chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor [[Pete Wilson]]. Yet, political analysists have identified Schwarzenegger as a liberal, as he has become more left-leaning since his election.<ref name="White">{{cite url=http://usliberals.about.com/b/2006/01/14/arnold-schwarzenegger-californias-newest-democrat.htm|title=White, D. (October 14, 2007). ''Arnold Schwarzenegger, California's Newest Democrat''.|accessdate=2007-11-12}}</ref>

Between 1993 and 1994, Schwarzenegger was a Red Cross "ambassador" (a mostly ceremonial role fulfilled by celebrities), recording several television/radio PSAs to give blood. A small amount of interest was garnered by his wearing of a white t-shirt with the Red Cross on it, while posing with a flexed arm; the image made it into several celebrity magazines.

Schwarzenegger pernah disoal oleh majalah Talk lewat tahun 1999 sama ada beliau ingin memegang mana-mana jawatan politik. Dia menjawab: "Sudah banyak kali saya memikirkan mengenainya. Kemungkinannya ada di situ, saya dapat rasakannya."<ref name="governtalk">{{cite news|url=http://www.schwarzenegger.com/news.asp?id=90|title=Arnold cast as Governor?|last=|first=|date=4 Oktober 1999|newspaper=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523203946/http://www.schwarzenegger.com/news.asp%3Fid%3D90|archive-date=2008-05-23|dead-url=|publisher=|work=Schwarzenegger.com|pages=|language=|via=|coauthors=|accessdate=20 April 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' mendakwa tidak lama kemudian bahawa Schwarzenegger mahu menamatkan spekulasi kemungkinannya menjawat jawatan sebagai gabenor California.<ref name="governtalk"/> Following his initial comments, Schwarzenegger pula berkata: "Saya berada dalam bidang hiburan — saya sedang melakukan kerjaya saya. Buat apa saya mahu melepaskannya untuk masuk ke dalam sesuatu bidang yang lain?"<ref name="governtalk"/>

[[Fail:Schwarzenegger Bush.jpg|thumb|left|Presiden [[George W. Bush]] bertemu Schwarzenegger setelah Schwarzenegger memenangi jawatan Senator California.]]

Schwarzenegger announced his candidacy in the [[California recall election, 2003|2003 California recall]] election for Governor of California on the [[August 6]], [[2003]] episode of ''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]''.<ref name="profilear"/> As a candidate in the recall election, Schwarzenegger had the most name recognition in a crowded field of candidates, but he had never held public office and his political views were unknown to most Californians. His candidacy was immediate national and international news, with media outlets dubbing him the [[Real-life superhero|"Governator"]] (referring to ''The Terminator'' movies, see above) and ''The Running Man'' (the name of another of his movies), and calling the recall election ''Total Recall'' (yet another Schwarzenegger starrer) and "Terminator 4: Rise of the Candidate" (referring to his movie ''Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines''). Schwarzenegger declined to participate in several debates with other recall replacement candidates and appeared in only one debate on [[September 24]], [[2003]].<ref>http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/sep2003/cali-s06.shtml</ref>

On [[October 7]], [[2003]], the recall election resulted in Governor Gray Davis being removed from office with 55.4% of the ''Yes'' vote in favor of a recall. Schwarzenegger was elected Governor of California under the second question on the ballot with 48.6% of the vote to choose a successor to Davis. Schwarzenegger defeated Democrat [[Cruz Bustamante]], fellow Republican [[Tom McClintock]], and others. His nearest rival, Bustamante, received less than 30% of the vote. In total, Schwarzenegger won the election by about 1.3 million votes. Under the regulations of the [[California Constitution]], no runoff election was required. Schwarzenegger was the first foreign-born governor in California history since [[Ireland]]-born Governor [[John G. Downey]] in 1862.

As soon as Schwarzenegger was elected governor, [[Willie Lewis Brown, Jr.|Willie Brown]] said he would start a drive to recall the governor. Schwarzenegger was equally entrenched in what he considered to be his mandate in cleaning up [[gridlock]]. Asked whether he would seek bipartisan cooperation from the Democrats in the State Senate, Schwarzenegger quipped that he saw no reason to "talk with losers". Building on a catch phrase from a sketch partly parodying his bodybuilding career, Schwarzenegger called the Democratic State politicians "[[girlie men]]", (a reference from a ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' sketch called "[[Hans and Franz]]") for putting special interests ahead of the interests of the people of California.<ref>
{{Cite news|first=Peter|last=Nicholas|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/07/18/MNGH57NKAF1.DTL|title=Schwarzenegger deems opponents 'girlie-men'. The Democratic legislators who he was directing the jab at later mocked the joke by showing up to a session of the State Senate dressed in aprons and dresses.…|accessdate=2007-01-07|
date=[[2004-07-18]]|publisher=San Francisco Chronicle|year=2004|format=HTML}}</ref>

[[Fail:CaliforniaStateCapitolGovernorOffice.JPG|thumb|left|The Governor's office in the [[California State Capitol]].]]

Schwarzenegger meraih banyak kejayaan semasa awal kerja gabenornya seperti menarik balik kenaikan yuran pendaftaran kenderaan yang tidak begitu popular di kalangan penduduk California serta menghalang pemberian lesen memandu kepada pendatang asing tanpa izin. Namun begitu, inisiatif beliau mula mendapat tentangan daripada kesatuan-kesatuan berpengaruh di negeri tersebut.s.{{Who|date=July 2007}}<!--Who has reported that S. enjoyed success?--> Key among his reckoning with political realities was a [[California special election, 2005|special election]] he called in November 2005, in which four ballot measures he sponsored were defeated. Schwarzenegger accepted personal responsibility for the defeats and vowed to continue to seek consensus for the people of California. He would later comment that "no one could win if the opposition raised $160 million dollars to defeat you."

Schwarzenegger then bucked the advice of fellow Republican strategists and appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. Schwarzenegger scrambled toward the political middle, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next [[gubernatorial]] election.

He has appeared alongside his fellow actor from ''Around the World in 80 Days'', Jackie Chan, in a government advertisement to combat copyright piracy.<ref>{{cite web | title=Jackie Chan and Arnold vs Piracy | publisher=Google Video | url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6443035544827856436&q=Jackie+Chan&pr=goog-sl | accessdate=2007-05-11 | archive-date=2011-05-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520070327/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6443035544827856436&q=Jackie+Chan&pr=goog-sl | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Schwarzenegger ran for re-election against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Phil Angelides]], the [[California State Treasurer]], in the [[California gubernatorial election, 2006|2006 elections]], held on [[November 7]] [[2006]]. Despite a poor year nationally for the Republican party, Schwarzenegger won re-election with 56.0% of the vote compared with 38.9% for Angelides, a margin of well over one million votes.<ref>{{cite web | title=General Election — Governor | publisher=California Secretary of State | url=http://vote.ss.ca.gov/Returns/gov/00.htm | accessdate=2007-05-11 | archive-date=2006-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623125421/http://vote.ss.ca.gov/Returns/gov/00.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> The election further enhanced his political credentials.

It is rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the [[United States Senate]] in 2010 (he will be term-limited then), if incumbent Senator [[Barbara Boxer]] retires.<ref>{{cite web | title='2-Terminator' Arnold to run for Senate? | publisher=WorldNetDaily | url=http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=52864 | date=2006-11-09 | accessdate=2007-05-11 | archive-date=2006-11-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061130081844/http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=52864 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

It was reported in February 2007 that Schwarzenegger offered his most lavish praise yet for 2008 presidential candidate [[John McCain]]. He called McCain a "great senator" and "very good friend" who shared his views on critical issues like the environment. He has not formally declared his support for McCain.<ref name="NewsMax">{{cite web | title=Schwarzenegger Praises McCain as 'Great Leader' | publisher=NewsMax | url=http://newsmax.com/archives/ic/2007/2/22/73021.shtml?s=ic | date=2007-02-22 | accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref>

Wendy Leigh, who wrote an unofficial biography on Schwarzenegger, claims he plotted his political rise from an early age using the movie business and [[body-building]] as building blocks to escape a depressing home.<ref name="governG2"/> Leigh portrays Schwarzenegger as [[obsessed]] with power and quotes him as saying: "I wanted to be part of the small percentage of people who were leaders, not the large mass of followers. I think it is because I saw leaders use 100% of their potential — I was always fascinated by people in control of other people."<ref name="governG2"/> Schwarzenegger has said that it was never his intention to enter [[politics]], but he says, "I married into a political family. You get together with them and you hear about policy, about reaching out to help people. I was exposed to the idea of being a public servant and Eunice and Sargent Shriver became my heroes."<ref name="LAWarn"/> Eunice Kennedy Shriver was sister of [[John F. Kennedy]], and [[mother-in-law]] to Schwarzenegger, Sargent Shriver was husband to Eunice and [[father-in-law]] to Schwarzenegger. According to the 2005 Year-In-Review issue of [[Time Magazine]], citizens are hoping to amend the [[Constitution]] so he can run for [[President of the United States]].<ref name="LAWarn"/>

Schwarzenegger masih memiliki pasport Austria, oleh itu beliau masih lagi memegang status kerakyatan Austrianya dan seterusnya kerakyatan [[Kesatuan Eropah]]. Perkara ini melayakkannya memenangi Anugerah Jurukempen Tahunan ''European Voice'' 2007 atas tindakannya melawan [[pemanasan global]] melalui pemaktuban Akta Penyelesaian Pemanasan Global 2006 pemerintah California serta rancangannya memperkenalkan skim niagaan keluaran gas bersama negeri-negeri Amerika Syarikat yang lain serta negara-negara ahli Kesatuan Eropah.<ref name="EV50">{{cite web | title=Schwarzenegger wins European Voice campaigner of the year award | publisher=European Voice | url=http://www.ev50.org/noflash/gala.asp?id=18 | date=2007-11-27 | accessdate=2007-12-09 | archive-date=2008-01-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117140632/http://www.ev50.org/noflash/gala.asp?id=18 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Schwarzenegger tidak menerima gaji tahunannya sebagai gabenor sebanyak $175,000<ref>http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/news/atoz/article_1102616.php</ref>, bahkan beliau turut mendermakan gaji tersebut kepada badan kebajikan yang dikehendaki.

== Sejarah Pilihanraya ==
{{Election box begin | title=Pilihanraya Semula Peringkat Gabenor California 2003}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Parti Republikan  (AS)
 |candidate = Arnold Schwarzenegger
 |votes = 4,206,284
 |percentage = 48.6
 |change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Democratic Party (US)
 |candidate = [[Cruz Bustamante]]
 |votes = 2,724,874
 |percentage = 31.5
 |change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Republican Party (US)
 |candidate = [[Tom McClintock]]
 |votes = 1,161,287
 |percentage = 13.5
 |change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Green Party (US)
 |candidate = [[Peter Miguel Camejo]]
 |votes = 242,247
 |percentage = 2.8
 |change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=California Gubernatorial Election 2006}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Republican Party (United States)
 |candidate = Arnold Schwarzenegger (Incumbent)
 |votes = 4,850,157
 |percentage = 55.9
 |change = +7.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Democratic Party (United States)
 |candidate = [[Phil Angelides]]
 |votes = 3,376,732
 |percentage = 39.0
 |change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
 |party = Green Party (United States)
 |candidate = [[Peter Miguel Camejo]]
 |votes = 205,995
 |percentage = 2.3
 |change = -0.5
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliografi ==
* {{cite book|last=Schwarzenegger|first=Arnold|title=Arnold: Developing a Mr. Universe Physique|year=1977|publisher=Schwarzenegger}}
* — {{cite book|author=with Douglas Kent Hall|title=Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder|year=1977|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|id=ISBN 0-671-22879-X}}
* — {{cite book|author=with [[Bill Dobbins (photographer)|Bill Dobbins]]|title=Arnold's Bodybuilding for Men|year=1981|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|id=ISBN 0-671-25613-0}}
* — {{cite book|author=with Bill Dobbins|title=The New Encyclopedia of Modern Bodybuilding|year=1998|edition=rev. ed.|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|id=ISBN 0-684-84374-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Saunders|first=Dave|title="Arnie": Schwarzenegger and the Movies|year=2008|publisher=I. B. Tauris|location=London}}
* {{cite book|last=Andrews|first=Nigel|title=True Myths: The Life and Times of Arnold Schwarzenegger: From Pumping Iron to Governor of California|year=2003|edition=rev. ed.|publisher=Bloomsbury|location=New York|id=ISBN 1-58234-465-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Blitz|first=Michael|coauthors=and Louise Krasniewicz|title=Why Arnold Matters: The Rise of a Cultural Icon|year=2004|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|id=ISBN 0-465-03752-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Borowitz|first=Andy|authorlink=Andy Borowitz|title=Governor Arnold: A Photodiary of His First 100 Days in Office|year=2004|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|id=ISBN 0-7432-6266-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Brandon|first=Karen|title=Arnold Schwarzenegger|year=2004|publisher=Lucent Books|location=San Diego|id=ISBN 1-59018-539-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Sexton|first=Colleen A.|title=Arnold Schwarzenegger|year=2005|publisher=Lerner Publications|location=Minneapolis|id=ISBN 0-8225-1634-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Zannos|first=Susan|title=Arnold Schwarzenegger|year=2000|publisher=Mitchell Lane|location=Childs, Md.|id=ISBN 1-883845-95-5}}

=== Wawancara ===
* [http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldinter1.html Interview in ''Oui'' magazine, August 1977] at thesmokinggun.com
* [https://archive.is/20121217214758/www.time.com/time/nation/printout/0,8816,483264,00.html Excerpts from ''Time Out'' (London) interview, 1977] at time.com
* [http://www.cbc.ca/thehour/video.php?id=1584 Schwarzenegger Interview] on [[The Hour]] with [[George Stroumboulopoulos]]

== Pautan luar ==
* [http://www.schwarzenegger.com/ Arnold Schwarzenegger] {{en}}
* [http://gov38.ca.gov/ Office of Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303170058/http://gov38.ca.gov/ |date=2011-03-03 }} {{en}}
* [http://www.arnieslife.com/ Arnold Schwarzenegger Museum] {{de}}
* [http://www.schwarzenegger.it/ Arnold Schwarzenegger] {{it}}
* http://www.schwarzenegger.se/index.htm
* http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0000216/bio

{{DEFAULTSORT: Schwarzenegger, Arnold}}

[[Kategori:Pengarah filem Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Penerbit filem Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Kelahiran 1947]]
[[Kategori:Katolik Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Orang hidup]]
[[Kategori:Ahli politik Amerika Syarikat]]
[[Kategori:Pelakon lelaki Amerika Syarikat]]