Daerah Guro: Perbezaan antara semakan

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'''Daerah Guro''' merupakan sebuah [[daerah]] (gu) yang terletak di kawasan [[Seoul]], [[Korea Selatan]].
'''Daerah Guro''' merupakan sebuah [[daerah]] (gu) yang terletak di kawasan [[Seoul]], [[Korea Selatan]].

<!--'''Guro District''' (Guro-gu) is a district of [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]], which was separated from [[Yeongdeungpo District]] on April 1, 1980. Located in the southwestern part of the city, Guro District has an important position as a transport link from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country. The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect [[Seoul]] to [[Busan]] and [[Incheon]]. In addition, [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway]] lines [[Seoul Subway Line 1|1]], [[Seoul Subway Line 2|2]], and [[Seoul Subway Line 7|7]], and major highways intersect in Guro District.

The name Guro originates from the legend that nine ({{lang-ko|gu}}) old men (Korean: ''ro'') enjoyed longevity in the district.

A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District. The Guro Digital Industrial Complex, which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing, dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967, has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex. This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the country, referred to as the "[[Miracle on the Han River]]," and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s.

Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a [[Green belt|greenbelt]] with the only arboretum in Seoul. The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones.

An "[[e-government]]" system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum<ref>Guro E-Forum.com http://www.eforum-guro.com</ref> on February 7~9, 2007, with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries. The forum was launched with the theme "Promoting Democracy and Regional Development" and twenty-five mayors such as [[André Santini]] ([[Issy-les-Moulineaux]], [[France]]), [[Kevin Foy]] ([[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], US), [[Apirak Kosayothin]] ([[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]), Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas ([[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]), and world experts such as Dr [[William H. Dutton]] (Director of [[Oxford Internet Institute]] at the [[University of Oxford]], [[UK]]) and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko (professor at the [[University of Tampere]], [[Finland]]) participated in the forum. The Guro Declaration,<ref>-->[http://english.guro.go.kr/gurois/globalGuro.asp?gem=E010600 Welcome to Guro District Office!!<!-- Bot generated title --><!--]</ref> adopted during the forum, aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world's cities. This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of [[e-democracy]].

The e-participation forum was a key factor for Guro to play the leading role in bridging the [[digital divide]] among cities, to provide I.T. enterprises located in Guro Digital Industrial Complex the opportunity to launch into the international market, to improve its image and become a global leader to concrete [[e-democracy]].
[[Image:epartiforum.jpg|right|thumb|The international e-participation forum on February 7~9, 2007.]]

==History==
Guro was known as Ingbeollohyeon (仍伐奴縣 – meaning ‘land spreading’) during the [[Goguryeo]] Dynasty (37 BC - AD 668) but it changed into Gogyanghyeon (穀壤縣) in the period of the [[Unified Silla Dynasty]] (668 - 935), and again changed into Geumju (衿州) and Shiheung (始興) during the [[Goryeo Dynasty]] (918 - 1392). Following a complete reorganisation of the district in 1413, it changed to Geumcheonhyeon (衿川縣), later into Siheunghyeon (始興縣) in 1795, and became part of Siheunggun(始興郡), [[Gyeonggi Province]], until 1949.
On August 13, 1949, Guro was incorporated in the enlarged administrative district of [[Seoul]] and remained in the jurisdiction of [[Yeongdeungpo]] until April 1, 1980 when Guro became a new district.

==Geography==

There are nineteen dong in Guro District, which has an area of 20.11&nbsp;km², covering 3.3% of the total area of [[Seoul]]. Among the nineteen dong, Oryu 2-dong is the largest (4.6&nbsp;km²), while Garibong 2-dong is the smallest (0.14&nbsp;km²). The district is composed of 7.08&nbsp;km² (35.2%) which is residential, 0.42&nbsp;km² (2.1%) commercial, 6.89&nbsp;km² (34.3%) industrial and 5,72&nbsp;km² (28.4%) as a green belt. The geography is mostly flat, but there are some hills in the western area of the district 100 m above sea level.

==Development of Guro District's Four Zones==
Textile manufacturing, dressmaking, and other labour-intensive industries declined after the 1990s and this affected regional development and became the cause of many problems. Because of this, Guro District council has divided the district into four zones and has started developing each zone according to its characteristics in order to revitalise the economy of the area. After the reorganisation of the industrial structure in the late 1990s, more than 80% of I.T. companies settled in the area, creating the Guro Digital Industrial Complex. Meanwhile, many apartments were built replacing the old textile manufacturing factories to become a new, attractive residential area for south-west [[Seoul]]. The Development of Guro District's Four Zones is intended to be the centre for [[environmentally friendly]] residences, cutting-edge digital industry and logistics. -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:garibong-dong.jpg|left|thumb|Future prospect of Garibong Redevelopment Zone]] -->

<!--===Garibong Redevelopment Zone===
Guro District is developing the Garibong-dong area located between Guro Digital Complex 1 and Complexes 2 and 3. This area is encompassed by the strategic business district, residential facilities and an ecological park located in the centre of the area. The Guro Digital Complex area is expected to become an Asian version of Silicon Valley once this project is completed in 2013.-->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:sindorim.jpg|thumb|Future prospect of areas adjacent to Sindorim.]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:gaebong.jpg|right|thumb|Future prospect of Gaebong Residential Area.]] -->

<!--===Development of areas adjacent to Sindorim and Guro stations===
Sindorim, the northern gateway to Guro, is a landmark of the District and is developed to be the new point for growth.
The 'D<sup>3</sup> city' Twin Building, once the construction is over, will accommodate hotels, convention centres and multi-purpose business centres, while ‘Techno Mart’ and ‘Mirae-Sarang City’ will create the largest electronic mall in Asia.

===Development of the Gaebong Residential Area===
The area of Gaebong-dong and Gocheok-dong is in the center of Guro District and the prison that is currently located in this area will be moved to the outskirts of the district by 2009. Instead, residential facilities, commercial and business centers are planned to be built. Moreover, the southern district will accommodate cultural arts centers and sports facilities including an e-sports arena.-->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:onsu.jpg|left|thumb|The Area of the New Town.]] -->

<!--===New Town Development on the Southwestern Outskirts===
The areas of Sugung-dong, Hang-dong, and Cheonwang-dong, located on the boundary with [[Gyeonggi-do]], have plenty of green areas. These areas have developed into a new environmentally friendly town with forests and streams. The Se-jong Science High School opened its doors in March 2008 and the development of the first city-subsidised arboretum in Seoul is underway in this area.<ref>[http://english.guro.go.kr/gurois/gupolicy.asp?gem=E010402 Welcome to Guro District Office!!--><!-- Bot generated title --><!--]</ref> Thus, the new town will be the most eco-friendly residential landmark in Seoul. -->
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:guro1.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Anyang Stream]] -->

<!--The Anyang stream, the longest tributary of the [[Han River (Korea)|Han River]] in [[Seoul]], runs south to north, through the centre of Guro District. The water pollution of the Anyang Stream was once extremely severe, but now the water quality level has increased significantly, fish have returned and it has become very popular among local residents. In order to celebrate the cleanness of the stream, 'Walking in Anyang stream' event is held every year under Jump Guro Festival. Celebrities and local residents walk together announcing the cleanness of the stream and the importance of the environment. Now there is a riverside cycle path, soccer field, badminton court, inline skating rink, plaza and wildlife garden along the river and many other sports facilities around the area.

Guro District has an excellent Extended Stay Hotel named TEA TOWN. [http://www.MYTEATOWN.com]-->

==Pembahagian pentadbiran==
[[Image:Guro-Gu.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The 15 [[Dong (administrative division)|dong]]s of Guro District.]]

Guro District is composed of the 15 ''[[haengjeong-dong]]'' (dongs designated by administrative purpose)
* [[Garibong-dong]] (가리봉동 加里峰洞)
* [[Gaebong-dong]] (개봉동 開峰洞), further divided into Gaebong Dongs 1, 2, 3
* [[Gocheok-dong]] (고척동 高尺洞), further divided into Gocheok Dongs 1, 2
* [[Guro-dong]] (구로동 九老洞), further divided into Guro dongs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
* [[Oryu-dong]] (오류동 梧柳洞), further divided into Oryu Dongs 1, 2
** [[Cheonwang-dong]] (천왕동 天旺洞), ''[[beopjeong-dong]]'' belonged to the ''hangjeong-dong'', Oryu2-dong
** [[Hang-dong]] (항동 航洞), ''beopjeong-dong'' belonged to the ''hangjeong-dong'', Oryu2-dong
* [[Sugung-dong]] (수궁동 水宮洞)
** [[Gung-dong]] (궁동 宮洞)), ''beopjeong-dong''
** [[Onsu-dong]] (온수동 溫水洞), ''beopjeong-dong''
* [[Sindorim-dong]] (신도림동 新道林洞)

<!--==Economy==
[[Image:guro-digitalcomplex.jpg|thumb|Guro Digital Complex.]]
[[Image:guro-digitnight.jpg||thumb|Night view of Guro Digital Complex.]]
Guro Industrial Complex, the first industrial complex of the country, was created in Guro 3-dong in 1967. The World Industrial Exhibition held in Guro District in 1968 contributed to remarkable development of Guro Industrial Complex and the textile manufacturing, dressmaking, and other labour-intensive industries dubbed the "Miracle on the Han River" during the 1960s and 1970s. Guro Industrial Complex contributed 10% of national export. The Guro Industrial Complex has rapidly changed from a manufacturing industrial zone into a futuristic industrial hub, centering on research and development activities, advanced information and knowledge industries since 2000, and has developed into the largest digital industrial complex in [[Korea]]. As of 2008, there are about 8,000 venture companies with more than 100,000 staff in an area of two million m². Moreover, it is the hub for the nation's high-tech industry which continuously focuses on [[R&D]], high-tech knowledge and information industry. More than 80% of the companies are I.T. companies with a total production of about 5.5 trillion won and an export of about 1.5 trillion won. Especially importantly, the Korea Venture Business Association is located in Guro Industrial Complex.

==Government and infrastructure==
===Local government===
The administration of Guro District is mainly composed of digital, sanitary and welfare administration.

====Digital administration====
The digital administration is the embodiment of e-government standards. Guro District combines high tech information technology and administration to provide a digital administrative service to the citizens and a good business environment to companies.
*[[E-Services]] refers to [[e-procurement]], health check-up appointments at the district public health centre, civil affairs, tailored bidding information services available via the Internet, a cyber culture centre and cyber shopping mall for business.
*[[E-Administration]] refers to e-approvals, knowledge management, and performance-based personnel management systems that allow quick and efficient administration with no use of paper.
*E-Information is the OPEN (Online Procedures Enhancement for Civil Applications) system, newsletters, Internet broadcasting and integrated administrative information system in order to provide citizens with real-time results on topics of civil affairs as well as a wide range of useful information.
*[[E-Participation]] is the email to the Mayor, environment-related reporting via the Internet, a Cyber Policy Forum, Cyber Citizen Panels, Citizen Opinion Polling with short message services via the Internet and mobile tools, contests for citizens' best ideas, submission of citizens' comments regarding regulations, and citizens participating in the budget process.

====Sanitary administration====
[[Image:ggalggeumi.jpg|right|thumb|Ggalggeumi Volunteers.]]
[[Image:guro-med.jpg|right|thumb|Guro Public Health Centre.]]
Sanitary Administration is concentrating its efforts to reduce environmental pollution and expand the green zone in the area of Guro Industrial Complex that was once seriously polluted. Many citizens are actively participating in environmental organisations such as Ansamo and Hwansamo. Especially, the Ggalggeumi Volunteers revived the practice of citizens cleaning up their neighborhood streets and roads on a daily basis with the participation of about 12,000 citizens, which became the first citizens’ voluntary organisation in the area of environment. Years of restoration efforts have resulted in upgrading the water quality of the Anyang Stream, and also the Dorim and Mokgam streams, which are tributaries of the Anyang stream, will be restored to be more ecologically sound rivers. The degree of air pollution in Guro District is about 0.004ppm of [[sulphuric acid]] gas and 0.4ppm of [[nitrogen monoxide]], much lower than the average level of [[Seoul]] Metropolitan area and the [[WHO]] standard.

====Welfare administration====
Among many welfare administrative services, Guro District especially has the u-healthcare and supporting disabled people policy.

The u-healthcare system is the service provided by Guro Public Health Centre's doctors through mobile phones or PDA to patients with [[diabetes]], [[blood pressure]], [[obesity]], [[respiratory disease]] and other conditions. Physicians retrieve data for diagnosis and treatment as needed. This service is provided either at home or at the [[Dong (administrative division)|dong]] office. This is the first time in the country that this kind of service has been executed using a high-tech healthcare system policy. Guro District runs the Welfare and Computer Education Centres for the disabled, lends equipment for low-income disabled, supports in-house repairing and provides many other facilities that made the district the top disabled supporter for the last 4 consecutive years among the 25 districts of Seoul.
[[Image:dytc.jpg|left|thumb|Dongyang Technical College.]]

===National government===
The [[Korea Transportation Safety Authority]] operates the Aviation Safety Center in Guro District.<ref>"[http://eng.kotsa.or.kr/about/center.jsp Aviation Safety Center]." [[Korea Transportation Safety Authority]]. Retrieved on August 30, 2010.</ref>

==Education==
Guro District has a total of 83 education facilities: four universities, 11 high schools, 13 junior high schools, 23 elementary schools and 33 kindergartens. Furthermore, there are 33 public and private libraries with more than 420,000 books. [[Dongyang Technical College]] provides education with a specialised curriculum focused mainly on high-tech practical training courses and supplies manpower to the companies located at the Guro Digital Industrial Complex.
[[Image:skhu.jpg|right|thumb|Sungkonghoe University.]]
[[Image:necktie-marathon.jpg|right|thumb|Venturers' Necktie Marathon.]]
[[Image:gurowrestling.jpg|right|thumb|The Wrestling Team of Guro District.]]
[[Sungkonghoe University]] trains students who will work for public welfare, social services, human rights and peace of the world. It is also training students to work in industrial fields.

==Culture and sports==
The Jump Guro Festival is held for 3 days in mid-September every year. Some typical events of Jump Guro Festival are the Venturers' Necktie Marathon, e-sports tournament, performing entertainments and many other activities. A building for Art and Culture with two storeys below and six above ground, located in Guro-dong, has facilities for art performances such as orchestra, stage musicals, theatre and exhibitions.

Furthermore, Guro District has a wrestling team and has won a silver medal at the Olympics and a gold at the [[Asian Games]].

==Transportation==
===Railroad===
*[[Korail]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 1]] (Gyeongbu Line)
;;;([[Yeongdeungpo-gu]]) ← [[Sindorim Station|Sindorim]] — [[Guro Station|Guro]] → ([[Geumcheon-gu]])
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 1]] (Gyeongin Line)
;;;([[Yeongdeungpo-gu]]) ← [[Sindorim Station|Sindorim]] — [[Guro Station|Guro]] — [[Guil Station|Guil]] — [[Gaebong Station|Gaebong]] — [[Oryu-dong Station|Oryu-dong]] — [[Onsu Station|Onsu]] → ([[Bucheon]])
*[[Seoul Metro]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 2]] Circle Line
;;;([[Dongjak-gu]]) ← [[Guro Digital Complex Station|Guro Digital Complex]] — [[Daerim Station|Daerim]] — [[Sindorim Station|Sindorim]] → ([[Yeongdeungpo-gu]])
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 2]] Sinjeong Branch
;;;[[Sindorim Station|Sindorim]] — [[Dorimcheon Station|Dorimcheon]] → ([[Yangcheon-gu]])
*[[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]]
;*[[Seoul Subway Line 7]]
;;;([[Yeongdeungpo-gu]]) ← [[Namguro Station|Namguro]] → ([[Geumcheon-gu]]) — ([[Gwangmyeong]]) ← [[Cheonwang Station|Cheonwang]] — [[Onsu Station|Onsu]] → ([[Bucheon]])

===Bus===
*'''Bus'''
City buses run on major streets and the town buses reach every corner of the district where city buses do not. The Gyeong-in (Seoul-Incheon) motorway runs through Guro District and has a median bus lane system which allows buses to avoid heavy traffic, and the buses that provides services to [[Incheon International Airport]] take about one hour from the district.

==International relations==
[[Image:gcd.jpg|right|thumb|Steering Committee Meeting of GCD.]]
Acting as Vice-Chair City of [[Global Cities Dialogue]] (GCD)[http://www.globalcitiesdialogue.org] for the Asian Region, Guro District has also participated at the World e-Gov Forum [http://www.worldegovforum.com] as the guest of honour and Mayor Yang gave a speech during the Opening Ceremony. Also, a close sister relationship with [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]] created the Guro Esplanade in Issy and hoisted the [[flag of South Korea]] in front of the City Hall of Issy-les-Moulineaux. Guro District hosted the e-Participation Forum from February 7 to February 9, 2007 with the participation of 700 people from more than 37 countries.

==International exchange==
===Sister cities===
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Issy-les-Moulineaux]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Pingdu]], [[People's Republic of China]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Tongzhou District, Nantong|Tongzhou]], People's Republic of China

===Friendship cities===
*{{flagicon|United States}} [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Dadong District|Dadong]], People's Republic of China
*{{flagicon|China}} [[Xiangfang District|Xiangfang]], People's Republic of China-->

==Galeri==
<gallery>
Image:gungdong-park.jpg|Gungdong Ecological Park
Image:jeongmyeonghoon.jpg|A Concert by the [[Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra]] conducted by [[Myung-Whun Chung]] in Guro District
Image:handprinting.jpg|Handprinting Ceremony Honoring Mayors from around the World
Image:nightguro.jpg|The Anyang Stream at night
Image:guromedical.jpg|Guro-gu Public Medical Centre
</gallery>

==Rujukan==
{{reflist}}

==Pautan luar==
{{Portal|Korea}}
{{Commons category|Guro-gu, Seoul}}
* [http://english.guro.go.kr/ English website]


[[Kategori:Daerah di Korea Selatan]]
[[Kategori:Daerah di Korea Selatan]]

Semakan pada 14:51, 5 Januari 2013

Guro District
District
구로구 · 九老區
Location of Guro District in Seoul
Location of Guro District in Seoul
CountrySouth Korea
RegionSudogwon
Special CitySeoul
Administrative dong15
Keluasan
 • Jumlah20.11 km2 (7.76 batu persegi)
Penduduk
 (2010[1])
 • Jumlah417,339
 • Kepadatan21,000/km2 (54,000/batu persegi)
Zon waktuUTC+9 (Korea Standard Time)
Laman sesawangGuro-gu official website

Daerah Guro merupakan sebuah daerah (gu) yang terletak di kawasan Seoul, Korea Selatan.

[http://english.guro.go.kr/gurois/globalGuro.asp?gem=E010600 Welcome to Guro District Office!!



Pembahagian pentadbiran

The 15 dongs of Guro District.

Guro District is composed of the 15 haengjeong-dong (dongs designated by administrative purpose)

  • Garibong-dong (가리봉동 加里峰洞)
  • Gaebong-dong (개봉동 開峰洞), further divided into Gaebong Dongs 1, 2, 3
  • Gocheok-dong (고척동 高尺洞), further divided into Gocheok Dongs 1, 2
  • Guro-dong (구로동 九老洞), further divided into Guro dongs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • Oryu-dong (오류동 梧柳洞), further divided into Oryu Dongs 1, 2
  • Sugung-dong (수궁동 水宮洞)
    • Gung-dong (궁동 宮洞)), beopjeong-dong
    • Onsu-dong (온수동 溫水洞), beopjeong-dong
  • Sindorim-dong (신도림동 新道林洞)


Galeri

Rujukan

  1. ^ Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) > Population and Household > Census Result (2010) > Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex, Retrieved 2010-06-02.

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