Lingling-o

Lingling-o atau ling-ling-o ialah sejenis loket atau azimat berbentuk cincin atau berkepala dua yang telah dikaitkan dengan pelbagai budaya akhir zaman Neolitik hingga zaman Besi di rantau Austronesia. Sebilangan besar lingling-o dibuat di bengkel jed di Filipina, dan pada secara minoriti, dalam budaya Sa Huỳnh di Vietnam, walaupun batu jed mentah yang digunakan kebanyakannya berasal dari Taiwan.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Artifak-artifak terawal lingling-o yang ditemui bertarikh sekitar 500 SM dan diperbuat daripada batu nefrit, tetapi banyak artifak yang ditemui kemudian dibuat daripada cangkerang, emas, tembaga dan kayu;^[2] jenis bahan menunjukkan perbezaan kedudukan sosial pemakainya.^[2] Istilah ini pertama kali dipopularkan oleh H. Otley Beyer yang mengambil istilah dari nama perhiasan sebegitu dalam Ifugao Selatan.^[5] Istilah ini sejak itu juga digunakan sebagai istilah pukul rata bagi pelbagai perhiasan zaman Austronesia yang terdapat di Filipina, Taiwan dan Vietnam.^[5]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Zafra, Jessica (2008-04-26). "Art Exhibit: Philippines' 'Gold of Ancestors'". Newsweek (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-12-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c "National Museum Collections: Ling-ling O". Official Website National Museum of the Philippines (Beta Website). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-11-11. Dicapai pada 2017-12-27.
^ Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Bellwood, Peter (2006). "Taiwan Jade in the Context of Southeast Asian Archaeology". Dalam Bacus, Elizabeth A.; Glover, Ian C.; Pigott, Vincent C. (penyunting). Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past: Selected Papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists : the British Museum, London, 14th-17th September 2004. NUS Press. m/s. 203–215. ISBN 9789971693510.
^ Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Bellwood, Peter; Nguyen, Kim Dung; Bellina, Bérénice; Silapanth, Praon; Dizo, Eusebio; Santiago, Rey; Datan, Ipoi; Manton, Jonathan H. (2007). "Ancient Jades Map 3,000 Years of Prehistoric Exchange in Southeast Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (50): 19745–19750. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707304104. JSTOR 25450787. PMC 2148369. PMID 18048347.
^ ^a ^b Apostol, Virgil Mayor (2010). Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions (dalam bahasa Inggeris) (ed. 2010). North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1556439414.

[Zafra2008-1] Zafra, Jessica (2008-04-26). "Art Exhibit: Philippines' 'Gold of Ancestors'". Newsweek (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-12-27.

[NationalMuseumCollections2011-2] "National Museum Collections: Ling-ling O". Official Website National Museum of the Philippines (Beta Website). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-11-11. Dicapai pada 2017-12-27.

[hung2006-3] Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Bellwood, Peter (2006). "Taiwan Jade in the Context of Southeast Asian Archaeology". Dalam Bacus, Elizabeth A.; Glover, Ian C.; Pigott, Vincent C. (penyunting). Uncovering Southeast Asia's Past: Selected Papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists : the British Museum, London, 14th-17th September 2004. NUS Press. m/s. 203–215. ISBN 9789971693510.

[Hung2007-4] Hung, Hsiao-Chun; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki; Bellwood, Peter; Nguyen, Kim Dung; Bellina, Bérénice; Silapanth, Praon; Dizo, Eusebio; Santiago, Rey; Datan, Ipoi; Manton, Jonathan H. (2007). "Ancient Jades Map 3,000 Years of Prehistoric Exchange in Southeast Asia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (50): 19745–19750. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707304104. JSTOR 25450787. PMC 2148369. PMID 18048347.

[Apostol2010-5] Apostol, Virgil Mayor (2010). Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions (dalam bahasa Inggeris) (ed. 2010). North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1556439414.

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