Senjata pemusnah besar-besaran
Senjata pemusnah besar-besaran (kadang kala juga disebut sebagai senjata pemusnah massa, Bahasa Inggeris: Weapon of mass destruction atau WMD) adalah sejenis senjata yang boleh membunuh manusia dalam jumlah yang ramai dan/ atau menyebabkan kerosakkan teruk kepada struktur buatan manusia seperti bangunan, struktur semulajadi (contohnya gunung-gunung) atau sfera bio.
Istilah ini sering kali digunakan bagi merangkumi beberapa jenis persenjataan, termasuk nuklear, biologi, kimia (NBC) dan senjata radiologi. Istilah-istilah lain yang digunakan di dalam konteks ketenteraan termasuk peperangan atom, biologi dan kimia (ABC) dan peperangan kimia, biologi, radiologi dan nuklear (CBRN).
Ungkapan ini digunakan dengan meluas bagi merujuk kepada persenjataan nuklear semasa Perang Dingin. Berikutan kejatuhan Kesatuan Soviet dan peningkatan tekanan di antara Timur Tengah dan Kuasa Barat, penggunaan istilah ini diperluaskan lagi kepada definasi yang moden. Ia digunakan secara meluas bagi merujuk hubungan serangan ke atas Iraq yang diketuai oleh Amerika Syarikat.
Simbol-simbol bahaya yang biasa
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Simbol | Unicode | Imej | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toksik | ☠ | U+2620 |  |
| Radioaktif | ☢ | U+2622 |  |
| Bahaya bio | ☣ | U+2623 |  |
| Peperangan kimia | T/B | T/B |  |
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- National Counterproliferation Center - Office of the Director of National Intelligence Diarkibkan 2009-05-15 di Wayback Machine
- HLSWatch.com: Homeland Security Watch policy and current events resource
- WMD.com
- Office of the Special Assistant for Chemical Biological Defense and Chemical Demilitarization Programs Diarkibkan 2007-02-13 di Wayback Machine, Official Department of Defense web site that provides information about the DoD Chemical Biological Defense Program
- United Nations: Disarmament
- US Department of State
- Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
- Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
- Federation of American Scientists (FAS)
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction Diarkibkan 2007-09-03 di Wayback Machine
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- Avoiding Armageddon, PBS
- FAS assessment of countries that own weapons of mass destruction
- Terrorism and the Threat From Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East Diarkibkan 2001-04-29 di Wayback Machine
- Iranian Chemical Attacks Victims (Payvand News Agency)
- Iran: 'Forgotten Victims' Of Saddam Hussein Era Await Justice
- Comparison of Chinese, Japanese and Vietnamese translations
- Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
- Come Clean - The WMD Awareness Programme
- Nuclear Weapons Effects These tables describe the effects of various nuclear blast sizes. All figures are for 15 mph (13 kn; 24 km/j) winds. Thermal burns represent injuries to an unprotected person. The legend describes the data.
- Biological Weapons Effects The types of organisms used in biological weapons and how they can be destroyed.
- Chemical Weapons Effects The types of chemicals used in chemical weapons and how they can be destroyed.
- Gareth Porter, Documents linking Iran to nuclear weapons push may have been fabricated, TheRawStory, November 10, 2008, Diarkibkan 2008-12-09 di Wayback Machine.