Warga Arab di Israel

Warga Arab di Israel
فلسطينيو 48code: ar is deprecated
עֲרָבִים אֶזרָחֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל
Jumlah penduduk
	1,890,000 ; Lebih 278,000 di Baitulmaqdis Timur dan Dataran Tinggi Golan (2012) ; 20.95% daripada populasi Israel (2019)
Kawasan ramai penduduk
	Israel
Bahasa
	Bahasa Arab Syam (bahasa Arab Palestin, bahasa Arab Lubnan, dialek-dialek Badwi) dan Ibrani
Agama
	Islam 84% (kebanyakannya Sunni), agama Kristian 8% dan Druze 8%

Warga Arab di Israel^[3] ialah warganegara Israel yang beretnik Arab. Ini termasuk orang Palestin, Badwi Naqab, orang Druze dan Arab Kristian dan Islam yang tidak menganggap sebagai orang Palestin. Pelbagai istilah digunakan untuk penduduk Arab dalam bahasa Arab, termasuk Palestin 48 atau Arab 48 (Arab: فلسطينيو 48، عرب 48, rumi: Filastiniyyū Thamaniya Wa-Arba'in, Arab Thamaniya Wa-Arba'incode: ar is deprecated ). Semenjak Nakbah, orang Palestin yang kekal di dalam sempadan 1948 Israel telah dikenali dalam percakapan sebagai "Arab 48".^[4] Penduduk Arab dipanggil Israel-Arab atau hanya "Arab" oleh Israel,^[5]^[6] dan media antarabangsa selalu menggunakan Arab-Israel untuk membezakan mereka daripada orang Palestin di wilayah Palestin.^[7]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nota[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ ^a ^b "Israel's Independence Day 2019" (PDF). Biro Pusat Perangkaan Israel. 1 Mei 2019. Dicapai pada 26 Januari 2020.
^ "65th Independence Day – More than 8 Million Residents in the State of Israel" (PDF). Biro Pusat Perangkaan Israel. 14 April 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 28 November 2017. Dicapai pada 6 Disember 2013.
^ Margalith, Haim (Winter 1953). "Enactment of a Nationality Law in Israel". The American Journal of Comparative Law. 2 (1): 63–66. doi:10.2307/837997. JSTOR 837997. Undang-undang Kerakyatan Israel berkuat kuasa pada 14 Julai 1952. Antara pemasyhuran kemerdekaan Israel pada 14 Mei 1948 dan pelulusan rang undang-undang ini empat tahun kemudian, berdasarkan alasan-alasan teknik tiada warga Israel. Dalam rencana ini, frasa "warga Arab" digunakan merujuk penduduk Arab di Israel, walaupun pada tempoh selepas perjanjian gencatan senjata 1949 dan sebelum pelulisan Undang-undang Kerakyatan pada 1952.
^ "Long overlooked, Israel's Arab citizens are increasingly asserting their Palestinian identity". 11 Jun 2021. Palestinians living within Israel’s internationally recognized borders are often known colloquially as “the 48 Arabs,” a reference to their origins. Hundreds of thousands of Arabs fled or were expelled during the 1948 war that erupted upon the creation of the state of Israel.
^ Robinson, Kali (2021-06-14). "What to Know about the Arab citizens of Israel". Council on Foreign Relations. Dicapai pada 2021-11-29.
^ "Arabs of Israel, minority with deep-seated grievances". France 24. 2021-05-13. Dicapai pada 2021-11-29.
^ Farzan, Antonia Noori (2021-05-13). "Arab Israelis are rising up to protest. Here's what you need to know about their status in the country". Washington Post. Dicapai pada 2021-11-29.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sorek, Tamir (2015). Palestinian Commemoration in Israel: Calendars, Monuments, and Martyrs. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804795203.
Morris, Benny, 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, (2009) Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15112-1
Orgad, Liav (PhD), IDC, Hertzlia, "Internationalizing the issue of Israeli Arabs", Maariv, 19 March 2006. p. 7.
"Israel's Arab Citizens: The Continuing Struggle" by Mark Tessler; Audra K. Grant. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 555, Israel in Transition. (Jan., 1998), pp. 97–113. Templat:Jstor.
The Israeli Palestinians: an Arab minority in the Jewish state / Alexander Bligh 2003. (book)Alexander Bligh (penyunting). "Table of contents". The Israeli Palestinians : an Arab minority in the Jewish state. LCCN 2002154407. Dicapai pada 14 June 2008.
Tall shadows: interviews with Israeli Arabs / Smadar Bakovic 2006 English Book 313 p. Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books, ISBN 0-7618-3289-0
Israel's Arab Citizens / Laurence Louër; John King 2006 London: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd. ISBN 1-85065-798-X
Arab citizens in Israel: the ongoing conflict with the state / Massoud Ahmad Eghbarieh. Thesis (PhD). University of Maryland at College Park, 1991.
Identity crisis: Israel and its Arab citizens. International Crisis Group. 2004.
Pappe, Ilan, The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel, (2011) Yale University Press
Peleg, Ilan, and Dov Waxman, Israel's Palestinians: The Conflict Within, (2011) Cambridge University Press
Reiter, Yitzhak, National Minority, Regional Majority: Palestinian Arabs Versus Jews in Israel (Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution), (2009) Syracuse Univ Press (Sd). ISBN 978-0-8156-3230-6

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Kategori berkenaan Warga Arab di Israel di Wikimedia Commons

Templat:Demographics of Israel

[CBS2019-1] "Israel's Independence Day 2019" (PDF). Biro Pusat Perangkaan Israel. 1 Mei 2019. Dicapai pada 26 Januari 2020.

[Arabs2013-2] "65th Independence Day – More than 8 Million Residents in the State of Israel" (PDF). Biro Pusat Perangkaan Israel. 14 April 2013. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 28 November 2017. Dicapai pada 6 Disember 2013.

[3] Margalith, Haim (Winter 1953). "Enactment of a Nationality Law in Israel". The American Journal of Comparative Law. 2 (1): 63–66. doi:10.2307/837997. JSTOR 837997. Undang-undang Kerakyatan Israel berkuat kuasa pada 14 Julai 1952. Antara pemasyhuran kemerdekaan Israel pada 14 Mei 1948 dan pelulusan rang undang-undang ini empat tahun kemudian, berdasarkan alasan-alasan teknik tiada warga Israel. Dalam rencana ini, frasa "warga Arab" digunakan merujuk penduduk Arab di Israel, walaupun pada tempoh selepas perjanjian gencatan senjata 1949 dan sebelum pelulisan Undang-undang Kerakyatan pada 1952.

[4] "Long overlooked, Israel's Arab citizens are increasingly asserting their Palestinian identity". 11 Jun 2021. Palestinians living within Israel’s internationally recognized borders are often known colloquially as “the 48 Arabs,” a reference to their origins. Hundreds of thousands of Arabs fled or were expelled during the 1948 war that erupted upon the creation of the state of Israel.

[5] Robinson, Kali (2021-06-14). "What to Know about the Arab citizens of Israel". Council on Foreign Relations. Dicapai pada 2021-11-29.

[6] "Arabs of Israel, minority with deep-seated grievances". France 24. 2021-05-13. Dicapai pada 2021-11-29.

[7] Farzan, Antonia Noori (2021-05-13). "Arab Israelis are rising up to protest. Here's what you need to know about their status in the country". Washington Post. Dicapai pada 2021-11-29.

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