Universiti Toronto

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University of Toronto
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Latin: Universitas Torontonensis
Moto: Velut arbor ævo (Latin)
Moto dalam Inggeris: As a tree through the ages[1]
Ditubuhkan
 pada:		 March 15, 1827
Jenis: Public university
Pembiayaan: C$1.437 billion[2]
Canselor: David Peterson
Presiden: David Naylor
Fakulti: 2,551[3]
Kakitangan: 4,795[3]
Siswazah: 33,371[3]
Pelajar sarjana/doktor falsafah: 11,638[3]
Lokasi: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
(43°39′42″U 79°23′42″B / 43.66167°U 79.395°B / 43.66167; -79.395Koordinat: 43°39′42″U 79°23′42″B / 43.66167°U 79.395°B / 43.66167; -79.395)
Kampus: Urban, 71 hectares (176 acres)[3]
Nama sebelumnya: King's College (1827–1849)
Warna:             Blue and white
Nama singkatan: Varsity Blues
Olahraga: CIS, OUA, CUFLA
44 varsity teams
Penggabungan: AAU, ACU, AUCC, G13, IAU, URA, WUN
Laman sesawang: utoronto.ca
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Universiti Toronto (bahasa Inggeris: University of Toronto) adalah sebuah universiti penyelidikan awam di Toronto, Ontario, Kanada, terletak di tanah-tanah yang mengelilingi Queen's Park. Ia diasaskan oleh royal charter pada 1827 sebagai King's College, institusi pertama pendidikan tinggi di Upper Canada. Terdahulunya dikawal oleh Church of England, universiti ini menganggapkan nama kininya pada 1850 dengan menjadi sebuah institusi sekular. Sebagai sebuah universiti maktab, ia mendirikan dua belas kolej yang berbeza dalam sifat dan sejarah, setiapnya mengekal autonomi cukup besar pada hal ehwal kewangan dan institusi. ]</ref>

The University of Toronto Rowing Club trains in Toronto Harbour for the 1924 Summer Olympics. The team won silver for Canada.

North American football traces its very origin to the University of Toronto, with the first documented football game played at University College on November 9, 1861.[4][5] The Blues played their first intercollegiate football match in 1877 against the University of Michigan, in a game that ended with a scorless draw.[6] Since intercollegiate seasons began in 1898, the Blues have won four Grey Cup, two Vanier Cup and 25 Yates Cup championships, including the inaugural championships for all three trophies.[6] However, the football team has hit a rough patch following its last championship in 1993.[7] From 2001 until 2008, the Blues suffered the longest losing streak in Canadian collegiate history, recording 49 consecutive winless games.[8] This was preceded by a single victory in 2001 that ended a run of 18 straight losses.[9] The site of Varsity Stadium has served as the primary playing grounds of the Varsity Blues football and soccer programs since 1898.[10]

Formed in 1891, the storied Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team has left many legacies on the national, professional and international hockey scenes. Conn Smythe played for the Blues as a centre during his undergraduate years, and was a Blues coach from 1923 to 1926.[11] When Smythe took over the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1927, the familiar blue-and-white sweater design of the Varsity Blues was adopted by his new team.[11] Blues hockey competed at the 1928 Winter Olympics and captured the gold medal for Canada.[12] At the 1980 Winter Olympics, Blues coach Tom Watt served as co-coach of the Canadian hockey team in which six players were Varsity grads.[11] In all, the Blues have won the University Cup national hockey title ten times, last in 1984. Varsity Arena has been the permanent home of the Blues ice hockey programs since it opened in 1926.[10] In men's basketball, the Varsity Blues have won 14 conference titles, including the inaugural championship in 1909, but have not won a national title.[13] In swimming, the men's team has claimed the national crown 16 times since 1964, while the women's team has claimed the crown 14 times since 1970.[14] Established in 1897, the University of Toronto Rowing Club is the oldest collegiate rowing club in Canada.[15] It earned a silver medal for the country in the 1924 Summer Olympics, finishing second to Yale's crew.[15]

Isi kandungan

Culture and student life[sunting]

Generations of students have attended speeches, debates and concerts at Hart House.

In the heart of social, cultural and recreational life at the University of Toronto lies Hart House, the sprawling neo-Gothic student activity centre that was conceived by alumnus-benefactor Vincent Massey and named for his grandfather Hart.[16] Opened in 1919, the complex established a communitarian spirit in the university and its students, who at the time kept largely within their own colleges under the decentralized collegiate system.[17] At Hart House, a student can read in the library, dine casually or formally, have a haircut, visit the art gallery, watch a play in the theatre, listen to a concert, observe or join in debates, play billiards, or go for a swim and find a place to study, all under the same roof and within the span of a day. The confluence of assorted functions is the result of a deliberate effort to create a holistic educational experience, a goal summarized in the Founders' Prayer.[17][18] The Hart House model was influential in the planning of student centres at other universities, notably Cornell University's Willard Straight Hall.[19][20]

Hart House resembles some traditional aspects of student representation through its financial support of student clubs, and its standing committees and board of stewards that are composed mostly of undergraduate students. However, the main students' unions on administrative and policy issues are the University of Toronto Students' Union, Association of Part-time Undergraduate Students and the Graduate Students' Union. Student representative bodies also exist at the various colleges, academic faculties and departments.

The Hart House Debating Club employs a debating style that combines the American emphasis on analysis and the British use of wit.[21] Smaller debating societies at Trinity, University and Victoria College have served as initial training grounds for debaters who later progress to Hart House.[21] The club won the World Universities Debating Championship in 1981 and 2006.[22] The United Nations Society hosts an annual Model United Nations conference in Toronto, in addition to participating in various North American and international conferences.[23] The Toronto chess team has captured the top title six times at the Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship. The Formula SAE Racing Team won the Formula Student European Championships in 2003, 2005 and 2006.[24]

Greek life[sunting]

The University of Toronto is home to the first collegiate fraternity in Canada, Zeta Psi, whose Toronto chapter has been active since 1879.[25] Because few other Canadian universities in the 19th century were deemed comparable to their American counterparts in repute, age and secularity, most early American fraternities chose to open their first international chapter at the University of Toronto, including Sigma Chi, Delta Upsilon, Phi Delta Theta, Phi Kappa Sigma, Phi Gamma Delta, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Psi Upsilon, Alpha Delta Phi, Beta Theta Pi, Pi Kappa Phi, Lambda Phi Epsilon, Sigma Chi, Sigma Nu, Alpha Gamma Delta, Alpha Omicron Pi and Lambda Chi Alpha.[26] Other Greek-letter societies include Alpha Gamma Delta, Alpha Phi, Gamma Phi Beta, Delta Delta Delta, Kappa Alpha Society, Kappa Kappa Gamma, Pi Beta Phi and Alpha Kappa Delta Phi. A secret society known as Episkopon has operated from Trinity College since 1858.

Theatre and music[sunting]

Sunlight fills Knox College Chapel during a Christmas concert of the engineering faculty's Skule Choir.

Hart House Theatre is the university's student amateur theatre, generally producing four major plays every season. As old as Hart House itself, the theatre is considered a pioneer in Canadian theatre for introducing the Little Theatre Movement from Europe.[27][28] It has cultivated numerous performing-arts talents, including Donald Sutherland, Lorne Michaels, Wayne and Shuster and William Hutt. Three members of the Group of Seven artists (Harris, Lismer and MacDonald) have been set designers at the theatre,[29] and composer Healey Willan was director of music for fourteen productions.[29] The theatre also hosts annual variety shows run by several student theatrical companies at the colleges and academic faculties, the most prominent of which are U.C. Follies of University College and Daffydil of the Faculty of Medicine, the latter in its hundredth year of production in 2010-2011.[30]

The main musical ensembles at Hart House are the orchestra, the chamber strings, the chorus, the jazz choir, the jazz ensemble and the symphonic band. The Jazz at Oscar's concert series performs big band and vocal jazz on Friday nights at the period lounge and bar of the Hart House Arbor Room.[31] Open Stage is the monthly open mike event featuring singers, comics, poets and storytellers. The Sunday Concert is the oldest musical series at Hart House; since 1922 the series has performed more than 600 classical music concerts in the Great Hall, freely attended by the university community and general audiences.[32][33] The public may also screen midday events held at noon, when concerts are recited prior to formal debut.

Student media[sunting]

William Lyon Mackenzie King was active in student media during his undergraduate years.

The Varsity is one of Canada's oldest student-run newspapers, in publication since 1880.[34] The paper was originally a daily broadsheet, but has since adopted a compact format and is now weekly with three summer issues. Hart House Review, a literary magazine by students of the Literary and Library Committee of Hart House, features prose, poetry, art and photography from emerging writers and artists. The Newspaper is an independent student-run community newspaper, published weekly since 1978. CIUT-FM is the university's campus radio station, while the University of Toronto Television broadcasts student-produced content. Students at each college and academic faculty also produce their own set of journals and news publications.

Members of the student press have contributed to activist causes on several notable occasions. At the height of debate on coeducation in 1880, The Varsity published an article in its inaugural issue voicing in favour of admitting women.[34] In 1895, the university suspended the editor of The Varsity for breach of collegiality, after he published a letter that harshly criticized the provincial government's dismissal of a professor and involvement in academic affairs. University College students then approved a motion by Varsity staff member William Lyon Mackenzie King and boycotted lectures for a week.[35][36] After Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau decriminalized homosexuality in 1969, a medical research assistant placed an advertisement in The Varsity seeking volunteers to establish the first university homophile association in Canada.[37]

Residences[sunting]

Although it began as a women's hall, St. Hilda's College has since become coeducational.

Each college at the University of Toronto operates its own set of residence halls and dining halls clustered in a different area of the campus. Innis, New, St. Michael's, Trinity, University, Victoria, and Woodsworth colleges reserve most of their dormitories for their undergraduate students within the Faculty of Arts and Science, while setting a portion available to students from the professional and postgraduate faculties.[38] Massey College is exclusively for graduate students, while Knox and Wycliffe Colleges mainly house graduate theology students. Annesley Hall of Victoria College, a National Historic Site, was the first university residence for women in Canada. After St. Hilda's College became coeducational in 2005, Annesley Hall and Loretto College of St. Michael's College are the last remaining women's halls at the university.

As campus residences accommodate just 6,400 students in all, the university guarantees housing only for undergraduates in their first year of study, while most upper-year and graduate students reside off-campus.[3][39] Traditionally, the adjacent neighbourhoods of The Annex and Harbord Village are popular settling grounds for University of Toronto students, forming a distinct student quarter enclave.[40][41] In 2004, the university purchased and converted a nearby hotel into the Chestnut Residence, which houses students from all colleges and faculties. There are also numerous fraternity houses and student housing cooperatives, where boarders pay reduced rent for assuming housekeeping duties.

People[sunting]

Sir Frederick Banting (1891–1941): M.B. 1916, M.D. 1922, medical faculty 1922–41
Rencana utama: List of University of Toronto people

In addition to Havelock, Innis, Frye, Carpenter and McLuhan, former professors of the past century include Frederick Banting, H. S. M. Coxeter, Robertson Davies, John Charles Fields, Leopold Infeld and C. B. Macpherson. 9 Nobel laureates studied or taught at the University of Toronto. As of 2006, University of Toronto academics accounted for 15 of 23 Canadian members in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (65%) and 20 of 72 Canadian fellows in the American Association for the Advancement of Science (28%).[42] Among honorees from Canada between 1980 and 2006, University of Toronto faculty made up 11 of 21 Gairdner Foundation International Award recipients (52%), 44 of 101 Guggenheim Fellows (44%), 16 of 38 Royal Society fellows (42%), 10 of 28 members in the United States National Academies (36%) and 23 of 77 Sloan Research Fellows (30%).[42]

Alumni of the University of Toronto's colleges, faculties and professional schools have assumed notable roles in a wide range of fields and specialties. In government, Governors General Vincent Massey and Adrienne Clarkson, Prime Ministers William Lyon Mackenzie King, Arthur Meighen, Lester B. Pearson and Paul Martin, and 14 Justices of the Supreme Court have all graduated from the university, while world leaders include President of Latvia Vaira Vike-Freiberga, Premier of the Republic of China Liu Chao-shiuan and President of Trinidad and Tobago Noor Hassanali. Economist John Kenneth Galbraith, political scientist David Easton, historian Margaret MacMillan, philosophers David Gauthier and Ted Honderich, anthropologist Davidson Black, sociologist Erving Goffman, psychologists Endel Tulving and Daniel Schacter, physicians Norman Bethune and Charles Best, geologists Joseph Tyrrell and John Tuzo Wilson, mathematicians Irving Kaplansky and William Kahan, physicists Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Bertram Brockhouse, architect James W. Strutt, engineer Gerald Bull, computer scientists Alfred Aho and Brian Kernighan, astronauts Roberta Bondar and Julie Payette are also some of the most well-known academic figures from the university.

In business, University of Toronto alumni include Rogers's Edward Samuel Rogers (better known as Ted Rogers), TD Bank's W. Edmund Clark, Bank of Montreal's Bill Downe, Scotiabank's Peter Godsoe, Barrick Gold's Peter Munk, Research In Motion's Jim Balsillie, eBay's Jeffrey Skoll and Fiat S.p.A.'s Sergio Marchionne. In literature and media, the university has produced writers Stephen Leacock, John McCrae, Rohinton Mistry, Margaret Atwood and Michael Ondaatje, film directors Arthur Hiller, Norman Jewison, David Cronenberg and Atom Egoyan, actor Donald Sutherland, screenwriter David Shore, musician Paul Shaffer, television producer Lorne Michaels, journalists Malcolm Gladwell, Naomi Klein and Barbara Amiel. -->

Rujukan[sunting]

  1. ↑ Originates from Horace Odes, book I, ode 12, line 45: "crescit occulto velut arbor ævo fama Marcelli" ("The fame of Marcellus grows like a tree over time unseen").
  2. ↑ Figure does not include separate endowment funds maintained by individual colleges. University of Toronto Endowments Annual Financial Report. Financial Services Department, University of Toronto. 2010. http://www.finance.utoronto.ca/Assets/Finance+Digital+Assets/reports/endow/2010.pdf. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Main campus figures. For data on Scarborough and Mississauga, refer to the respective articles. Pask-Aubé, Corinne (2009). University of Toronto Facts and Figures. Office of Government, Institutional and Community Relations. http://www.utoronto.ca/__shared/assets/FB2008_all2859.pdf. 
  4. ↑ "Canada sets the international standard". IFAF Junior World Championship. USA Football. 2008. http://www.usafootball.com/jwc/tournament/team/canada. Capaian 13 December 2008. 
  5. ↑ "Canadian Football Timelines (1860–present)". Football Canada. 2008. Diarkibkan dari yang asal on March 29, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080329005545/http://www.footballcanada.com/history_timeline.asp. Capaian 13 December 2008. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 . "Football 2008 Media Guide". University of Toronto Varsity Blues. Dicapai pada 2008-12-13.
  7. ↑ Cheney, Peter. "Varsity Blues can't get no respect", The Globe and Mail, 13 September 2008. Dicapai pada 13 December 2008. 
  8. ↑ "Varsity Blues topple Waterloo for first win since 2001", The Globe and Mail, 2 September 2008. Dicapai pada 13 December 2008. 
  9. ↑ Ralph, Dan. "Varsity Blues set futility mark", The Globe and Mail, 13 October 2007. Dicapai pada 13 December 2008. 
  10. ↑ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan friedland_2002 tidak disediakan
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 . "Varsity Blues Men's Hockey 2008-2009". University of Toronto Faculty of Physical Education and Health. Dicapai pada 2008-12-21.
  12. ↑ "Smythe, Conn biography". Legends of Hockey. Hockey Hall of Fame. 2008. http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=b195806. Capaian 21 December 2008. 
  13. ↑ . "Varsity Blues Men's Basketball 2008-2009". University of Toronto Faculty of Physical Education and Health. Dicapai pada 2008-12-21.
  14. ↑ "CIS Swimming Championship History". Canadian Interuniversity Sport. 2008. http://www.universitysport.ca/e/championships/swimming/2009/past.cfm. Capaian 21 December 2008. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 . "Blues Before Sunrise: Rowing at the University of Toronto". University of Toronto Graduate Department of History. Dicapai pada 2008-12-21.
  16. ↑ McGregor, Nancy.; Wardrop, Patricia; Winters, Kenneth "Hart House". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation of Canada. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Faught, Brad (1999). "The House Is Where the Heart Is". University of Toronto Magazine (Autumn 1999). http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/99autumn/f01.htm. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  18. ↑ "The Founders' Prayer". Hart House. http://www.harthouse.utoronto.ca/hh/page.php?id=ABT10. Capaian 2009-02-28.  "... discover within its walls true education that is to be found within good fellowship, in friendly disputation and debate, in the conversation of wise and earnest men, in music, pictures and the play, in the casual book, in sports and games and the mastery of the body".
  19. ↑ "Willard Straight Hall Student Union". Office of the Dean of Students, Cornell University. 2009. http://www.dos.cornell.edu/dos/straight/. Capaian 2009-02-28. "As one of the United States first college unions, this Gothic structure was modeled after Hart House at the University of Toronto." 
  20. ↑ "Question 9". Dear Uncle Ezra. Cornell University. http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1089694800. Capaian 2009-02-28. "The room itself is modeled after the University of Toronto's Hart House, the student union at U of T. The Memorial Room is a smaller version of the Great Hall in Hart House, which is about 3 times the size of the Straight and includes a large wing devoted to athletics." 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Webb, Margaret (2003). "Fighting Words". University of Toronto Magazine (Summer 2003). http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/03summer/fighting.asp. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  22. ↑ Flynn, Colm (2006). "Dublin Worlds 2006". World Debate Website. http://flynn.debating.net/Colmmain_2006.htm. Capaian 2007-09-24. 
  23. ↑ "University of Toronto Model United Nations". United Nations Society. http://utmun.unsoc.org/. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  24. ↑ Weinstock, Ruth (16 July 2006). "U of T Formula SAE team races to international victory". University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs. Diarkibkan dari yang asal on September 22, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070922045712/http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin6/060717-2449.asp. Capaian 2007-09-24. 
  25. ↑ "Breaking New Ground". The History of Zeta Psi. Zeta Psi Fraternity of North America. 2007. http://www.zetapsi.org/about/history/1864/. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  26. ↑ "Directory of Fraternities and Sororities". Canadians Go Greek!. http://www.canadiangreeks.com/directory/uoft.html. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  27. ↑ Banham, Martin (1995). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 161. ISBN 0521434378. 
  28. ↑ Londré, Felicia Hardison; Watermeier, Daniel J. (1998). The History of North American Theater. Continuum International Publishing Group. m/s. 353. ISBN 9780826410795. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "What university theatre was the centre of the cultural universe (okay, in Toronto)?". History Q & A. University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs. 2002. http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bios/02/history50.htm. Capaian 2009-02-24.  [pautan luput]
  30. ↑ "Internuts". Daffydil 2009. University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. 2009. http://daffydil.sa.utoronto.ca/. Capaian 2009-02-25. 
  31. ↑ "Kicks for free: bargain activities". Toronto Life (Toronto: St. Joseph Communications). March 2003. ISSN 0049-4194. 
  32. ↑ "Rupert M. K. Schieder 1915–2008", The Globe and Mail, 5 September 2008. Dicapai pada 25 February 2009. 
  33. ↑ "Sunday Concert". Hart House Music Committee. 2008. http://www.harthousemusic.com/viewseries.php?SUN. Capaian 2009-02-25. 
  34. ↑ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan historyQA_women tidak disediakan
  35. ↑ "What made the "blood fairly boil" in U of T student and future prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in 1895?". History Q & A. University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs. 2002. http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bios/02/history17.htm. Capaian 2007-09-24.  [pautan luput]
  36. ↑ Marshall, David B. (2000). "Dale, William". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=7908&&PHPSESSID=uhlbmjtm0fc5n5ibvqbk5ipp75. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  37. ↑ Bébout, Rick (January 2000). "Conception & birth". On the Origins of the Body Politic. http://www.rbebout.com/oldbeep/concep.htm. Capaian 2009-02-28. 
  38. ↑ "Engineering, Music, and Phys. Ed. students". Student Housing Service, University of Toronto. 2008. http://www.housing.utoronto.ca/residence/firstYear-profac.html. Capaian 2009-03-29. 
  39. ↑ "The Residence Guarantee". Student Housing Service, University of Toronto. 2008. http://www.housing.utoronto.ca/residence/firstYear.html. Capaian 2009-03-29. 
  40. ↑ Ley, David (1996). The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City. Oxford University Press. m/s. 182. ISBN 0198232926. 
  41. ↑ Schackner, Bill. "For collegians in Canada, drinking is no big thing", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 8 July 2007. Dicapai pada 29 March 2009. 
  42. ↑ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan researchReport2006 tidak disediakan

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