Xilazina

Xilazina
Data klinikal
Nama dagang	Rompun, Anased, Sedazine, Chanazine
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Data lesen	AS DailyMed: Xylazine;
Kaedah; pemberian	Melalui mulut, penyedutan, atau suntikan (intravena, intraotot, atau subkutaneus)
Kod ATCvet	QN05CM92 (WHO) ;
Status perundangan
Status perundangan	AU: S4 (Preskripsi sahaja) ; AS: Rx sahaja ; Kegunaan veterinar;
Pengecam
	Nama IUPAC N-(2,6-Dimetilfenil)-5,6-dihidro-4H-1,3-tiazin-2-amina;
Nombor CAS	7361-61-7 ;
PubChem CID	5707;
IUPHAR/BPS	523;
ChemSpider	5505 ;
UNII	2KFG9TP5V8;
KEGG	D08683 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL297362 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3040643 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.093
Data kimia dan fizikal
Formula	C12H16N2S
Jisim molar	220.33 g·mol−1
Model 3D (JSmol)	Gambar interaktif;
	SMILES N\1=C(\SCCC/1)Nc2c(cccc2C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H16N2S/c1-9-5-3-6-10(2)11(9)14-12-13-7-4-8-15-12/h3,5-6H,4,7-8H2,1-2H3,(H,13,14) ; Key:BPICBUSOMSTKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Xilazina ialah analog struktur klonidina dan agonis reseptor adrenergik alfa-2,^[1] dijual di bawah pelbagai nama dagang di seluruh dunia, terutamanya nama dagang seperti Rompun oleh syarikat Bayer,^[2] serta Anased, Sedazine dan Chanazine.^[3]

Xilazina ialah ubat veterinar yang biasa digunakan untuk sedasi, anestesia, pengenduran otot, dan analgesia pada haiwan seperti kuda, lembu dan mamalia lain.^[2] Dalam bidang anestesia veterinar, ia sering digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan ketamin. Doktor haiwan juga menggunakan xilazina untuk tujuan pemuntahan terutamanya pada kucing.^[4] Interaksi dadah tersebut berbeza bergantung kepada jenis-jenis haiwan.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Xilazina telah menjadi sejenis dadah rekreasi yang sering kali disalahgunakan di Amerika Syarikat, dikenali dengan nama jalanan "tranq", terutamanya di Puerto Rico.^[8] Ubat ini dialihkan penggunaannya daripada stok untuk doktor haiwan kuda dan digunakan sebagai agen tiruan untuk heroin dan fentanil, menyebabkan kudis dan jangkitan kulit di tapak suntikan, serta masalah kesihatan lain.^[9] Fentanil yang dicampur dengan xilazina dikenali dengan nama jalan "sleep-cut", "zombie drug", "Iso" dan "tranq dope".^[10]^[11]^[12]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "Xylazine—a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 11 (4): 295–313. December 1988. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1988.tb00189.x. PMID 3062194.
^ ^a ^b "Xylazine". techynewsblogs.com. 23 March 2023. Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah, nama "Xylazine" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza
^ "Xylazine intoxication in humans and its importance as an emerging adulterant in abused drugs: A comprehensive review of the literature". Forensic Science International. 240: 1–8. July 2014. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.015. PMID 24769343.
^ Dowling PM (June 2016). "Drugs to control or stimulate vomiting (monogastric)". Merck Veterinary Manual (ed. professional). Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co.
^ "Xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 47 (3): 636–641. March 1986. PMID 3963565.
^ "Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthesia in horses". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 38 (2): 195–201. February 1977. PMID 842917.
^ "Clinical effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine in goats". Small Ruminant Research. 24 (1): 55–64. 1997. doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00919-4.
^ "Xylazine (veterinary sedative) use in Puerto Rico". Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 6: 7. April 2011. doi:10.1186/1747-597x-6-7. PMC 3080818. PMID 21481268.
^ "The emerging of xylazine as a new drug of abuse and its health consequences among drug users in Puerto Rico". Journal of Urban Health. 89 (3): 519–526. June 2012. doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9662-6. PMC 3368046. PMID 22391983.
^ "FDA warns about the risk of xylazine exposure in humans, November 8, 2022". fda.gov. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023-03-21. Dicapai pada 2023-04-12. Reports from social media and news outlets suggest that xylazine-containing products may be sold under the street names tranq, tranq dope, sleep-cut, Philly dope and zombie drug.
^ "FDA alerts health care professionals of risks to patients exposed to xylazine in illicit drugs". www.fda.gov. 2023-03-21. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023-03-21. Dicapai pada 2023-04-12.
^ "DEA Reports Widespread Threat of Fentanyl Mixed with Xylazine". DEA. 2023-03-21. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023-03-21. Dicapai pada 2023-04-12. Rencana ini mengandungi teks dari suatu penerbitan yang kini berada dalam domain awam:

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

McCurnin DM, Bassert JM (2002). Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians (ed. 5th). Philadelphia: Saunders.
"Rompun Homepage". Bayer Healthcare. 2005. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-03-02.
Wright, Bob (2000). "Human health concerns when working with medications around horses". Agdex# 460. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 September 2006.

[Greene-1] "Xylazine—a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 11 (4): 295–313. December 1988. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1988.tb00189.x. PMID 3062194.

[Xylazine-2] "Xylazine". techynewsblogs.com. 23 March 2023. Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah, nama "Xylazine" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza

[Ruiz!-3] "Xylazine intoxication in humans and its importance as an emerging adulterant in abused drugs: A comprehensive review of the literature". Forensic Science International. 240: 1–8. July 2014. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.03.015. PMID 24769343.

[PDowling-4] Dowling PM (June 2016). "Drugs to control or stimulate vomiting (monogastric)". Merck Veterinary Manual (ed. professional). Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co.

[Haskins-5] "Xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 47 (3): 636–641. March 1986. PMID 3963565.

[Muir-6] "Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthesia in horses". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 38 (2): 195–201. February 1977. PMID 842917.

[Aithal-7] "Clinical effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine in goats". Small Ruminant Research. 24 (1): 55–64. 1997. doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(96)00919-4.

[Torruella-8] "Xylazine (veterinary sedative) use in Puerto Rico". Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. 6: 7. April 2011. doi:10.1186/1747-597x-6-7. PMC 3080818. PMID 21481268.

[Reyes-9] "The emerging of xylazine as a new drug of abuse and its health consequences among drug users in Puerto Rico". Journal of Urban Health. 89 (3): 519–526. June 2012. doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9662-6. PMC 3368046. PMID 22391983.

[10] "FDA warns about the risk of xylazine exposure in humans, November 8, 2022". fda.gov. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023-03-21. Dicapai pada 2023-04-12. Reports from social media and news outlets suggest that xylazine-containing products may be sold under the street names tranq, tranq dope, sleep-cut, Philly dope and zombie drug.

[11] "FDA alerts health care professionals of risks to patients exposed to xylazine in illicit drugs". www.fda.gov. 2023-03-21. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023-03-21. Dicapai pada 2023-04-12.

[DEA-2023-12] "DEA Reports Widespread Threat of Fentanyl Mixed with Xylazine". DEA. 2023-03-21. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2023-03-21. Dicapai pada 2023-04-12. Rencana ini mengandungi teks dari suatu penerbitan yang kini berada dalam domain awam:

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