Tentera Udara Diraja British: Perbezaan antara semakan
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==Misi== |
==Misi== |
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RAF misi adalah menyokong objektif ([[Kementerian Pertahanan Britain]]), yang mana "menyediakan keupayaan yang diperlukan: untuk memastikan keselamatan dan pertahanan United Kingdom dan jajahan luar negara, termasuk menentang keganasan; menyokong objektif polici luar negara kerajaaan terutamanya dalam mempromosi keselamatan dan keamanan antarabangsa."<ref>Agensi Perkhidmatan Analisis Pertahanan [http://www.dasa.mod.uk/natstats/ukds/2005/glossary.html Misi Kementerian Pertahanan]</ref> |
RAF misi adalah menyokong objektif ([[Kementerian Pertahanan Britain]]), yang mana "menyediakan keupayaan yang diperlukan: untuk memastikan keselamatan dan pertahanan United Kingdom dan jajahan luar negara, termasuk menentang keganasan; menyokong objektif polici luar negara kerajaaan terutamanya dalam mempromosi keselamatan dan keamanan antarabangsa."<ref>Agensi Perkhidmatan Analisis Pertahanan [http://www.dasa.mod.uk/natstats/ukds/2005/glossary.html Misi Kementerian Pertahanan]</ref> |
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==Sejarah== |
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{{main|Sejarah Tentera Udara Diraja}} |
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Walaupun Britain bukan negara yang pertama yang menggunakan pesawat udara tentera, tetapi RAF adalah merupakan tentera udara tertua di dunia dalam saiz yang ketara yang bebas dari kawalan tentera darat atau tentera laut. Ia ditubuhkan pada [[1 April]] [[1918]], semasa [[Perang Dunia I]], dengan penggabungan [[Kor Penerbangan Diraja]] dan [[Perkhidmatan Udara Tentera Laut Diraja]]. Selepas perang, perkhidmatan ini the service was cut drastically and its inter-war years were relatively quiet, with the RAF taking responsibility for [[RAF Iraq Command|the control of Iraq]] and executing a number of minor actions in other parts of the [[British Empire]]. |
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[[Image:raf.memorial.london.arp.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Royal Air Force Memorial]] on the [[Victoria Embankment]], London, commemorating RAF personnel killed in the two world wars]] |
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The RAF underwent rapid expansion prior to and during the [[Second World War]]. Under the [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan]] of December 1939, the air forces of [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] countries trained and formed "[[Article XV squadrons]]" for service with RAF formations. Many individual personnel from these countries, and exiles from [[occupied Europe]], also served with RAF squadrons. |
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In the [[Battle of Britain]], in the late summer of 1940, the RAF defended the skies over Britain against the German [[Luftwaffe]], helping foil [[Hitler]]'s [[Operation Sealion|plans for an invasion]] of the [[United Kingdom]], and prompting Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] to say in the House of Commons on [[August 20]], "[[Never was so much owed by so many to so few|Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few"]].<ref>[http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=420 The Churchill Centre - Speeches & Quotes]</ref> |
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The largest RAF effort during the war was the [[strategic bombing]] campaign against Germany by [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]. While RAF bombing of Germany began almost immediately upon the outbreak of war, under the leadership of Air Chief Marshal [[Arthur Travers Harris|Harris]], these attacks became increasingly devastating from 1942 onward as new technology and greater numbers of superior aircraft became available. Controversially, the RAF adopted a policy of night-time [[area bombing]] that saw raids on German cities such as [[Bombing of Hamburg in World War II|Hamburg]] and [[Bombing of Dresden|Dresden]]. Other units, however, developed precision bombing techniques for specific operations, such as the [[Operation Chastise|"Dambusters" raid]] by [[No. 617 Squadron RAF|No. 617 Squadron]] <ref> Paul Brickhill ''"The Dambusters"'' </ref> |
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During the [[Cold War]] years the main role of the RAF was the defence of the continent of [[Europe]] against potential attack by the [[Soviet Union]], including holding the [[Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom|UK's nuclear deterrent]] for a number of years. Since the end of the Cold War, several large scale operations have been undertaken by the RAF, including the [[Kosovo War]], the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|2001 invasion of Afghanistan]] and the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. |
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==Lihat juga== |
==Lihat juga== |
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Semakan pada 15:26, 1 Mei 2008
| TENTERA UDARA DIRAJA BRITAIN (RAF) | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Ditubuhkan pada | 1 April 1918 | |
| Negara | Britain | |
| Kekuatan | 42,000 anggota 1,000+ pesawat | |
| Struktur pemerintahan | Angkatan Tentera British | |
| Pangkalan | RAF High Wycombe | |
| Tanda pangkalan | Ibu pejabat pemerintahan | |
| Cogan kata | Per Ardua ad Astra[1] | |
| March | Royal Air Force March Past | |
| Komander | ||
| Komander | Ketua Marshal Udara Sir Glenn Torpy | |
| Komander ternama | Lord Trenchard Lord Dowding Charles Portal, Lord Portal | |
| Tanda kebesaran | ||
| Roundel |  
| |
| Lambang ekor | 
| |
| Perolehan pesawat dalam inventori | ||
| Pelbagai peranan (MRCA) | Typhoon | |
| Pejuang | Tornado F3 | |
| Peronda | Nimrod MR.2 | |
| Pengawasan | Nimrod R.1, Sentinel R1, Islander | |
| Latihan | Tutor, Tucano, Hawk, Vigilant, Viking, Squirrel, Dominie, King Air | |
| Pengangkut | C-17, Hercules, VC-10, Tristar | |
| Perolehan helikopter dalam inventori | ||
| Pengangkut | Merlin, Chinook, Puma | |
Tentera Udara Diraja Britain (dikenali sebagai RAF) adalah cabang udara bagi Angkatan Tentera British. Ditubuhkan pada 1 April 1918[2] RAF telah meyumbangkan peranan yang ketara dalam sejarah ketenteraan British dan sejak itu, telah melibatkan diri dalam Perang Dunia II dan dalam konflik-konflik tidak lama dulu. RAF mengoperasikan sejumlah 853 buah pesawat dan, setakat 31 Mac 2008, mempunyai kekuatan seramai 41,440 anggota terlatih dalam perkhidmatan tetap. [3]Majoriti pesawat RAF dan anggotanya ditempatkan di Britain, terdapat juga anggotanya sedang berkhidmat dalam operasi (terutamanya di Iraq dan Afghanistan) atau pangkalan-pangkalan luar negara yang telah lama wujud (contohnya di Pulau Falkland dan Cyprus).
RAF merayakan hari ulang tahunnya yang ke-90 dengan melakukan lintas hormat oleh pasukan Red Arrows dan 4 buah pesawat Typhoon di atas pangkalan RAF dan Tengah London pada 1 April 2008.[2].
Misi
RAF misi adalah menyokong objektif (Kementerian Pertahanan Britain), yang mana "menyediakan keupayaan yang diperlukan: untuk memastikan keselamatan dan pertahanan United Kingdom dan jajahan luar negara, termasuk menentang keganasan; menyokong objektif polici luar negara kerajaaan terutamanya dalam mempromosi keselamatan dan keamanan antarabangsa."[4]
Sejarah
Walaupun Britain bukan negara yang pertama yang menggunakan pesawat udara tentera, tetapi RAF adalah merupakan tentera udara tertua di dunia dalam saiz yang ketara yang bebas dari kawalan tentera darat atau tentera laut. Ia ditubuhkan pada 1 April 1918, semasa Perang Dunia I, dengan penggabungan Kor Penerbangan Diraja dan Perkhidmatan Udara Tentera Laut Diraja. Selepas perang, perkhidmatan ini the service was cut drastically and its inter-war years were relatively quiet, with the RAF taking responsibility for the control of Iraq and executing a number of minor actions in other parts of the British Empire.
The RAF underwent rapid expansion prior to and during the Second World War. Under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan of December 1939, the air forces of British Commonwealth countries trained and formed "Article XV squadrons" for service with RAF formations. Many individual personnel from these countries, and exiles from occupied Europe, also served with RAF squadrons.
In the Battle of Britain, in the late summer of 1940, the RAF defended the skies over Britain against the German Luftwaffe, helping foil Hitler's plans for an invasion of the United Kingdom, and prompting Prime Minister Winston Churchill to say in the House of Commons on August 20, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few".[5]
The largest RAF effort during the war was the strategic bombing campaign against Germany by Bomber Command. While RAF bombing of Germany began almost immediately upon the outbreak of war, under the leadership of Air Chief Marshal Harris, these attacks became increasingly devastating from 1942 onward as new technology and greater numbers of superior aircraft became available. Controversially, the RAF adopted a policy of night-time area bombing that saw raids on German cities such as Hamburg and Dresden. Other units, however, developed precision bombing techniques for specific operations, such as the "Dambusters" raid by No. 617 Squadron [6]
During the Cold War years the main role of the RAF was the defence of the continent of Europe against potential attack by the Soviet Union, including holding the UK's nuclear deterrent for a number of years. Since the end of the Cold War, several large scale operations have been undertaken by the RAF, including the Kosovo War, the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Lihat juga
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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Tentera Udara Diraja British |
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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Tentera Udara Diraja British |
- Senarai Pangkalan RAF
- Kor Latihan Udara (Kadet Udara)
- Senarai pesawat tentera udara aktif di United Kingdom
- Tentera Udara Diraja daripada Negara Kommonwel:
- Tentera Udara Diraja Australia - bermula dengan Kor Penerbangan Australia, kemudian Tentera Udara Australia
- Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia
- Tentera Udara Diraja New Zealand - bermula dengan Tentera Udara Tetap New Zealand
- Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei - bermula dengan Sayap Udara dari Rejimen Melayu Diraja Brunei
- Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada - bermula sebagai Kor Penerbangan Diraja Kanada, kemudian Tentera Udara Kanada
- Nota: Pada 1968, Tentera Udara Diraja Kanada telah disatukan dengan Tentera Laut Diraja Kanada dan Tentera Darat Kanada untuk membentuk Angkatan Tentera Kanada, kemudian Tentera Kanada sebagai Arahan Udara Tentera Kanada
- Tentera Udara Diraja Negara Bukan Komonwel
Rujukan
- ^ http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/hrafmotto.html RAF History - "for the RAF it will remain translated as through struggles to the stars"
- ^ [1] Saluran Sejarah - 1 April adalah hari penubuhan RAF
- ^ http://www.raf.mod.uk/currentoperations/newstructure.cfm Struktur baru RAF sehingga 31 Mac 2008
- ^ Agensi Perkhidmatan Analisis Pertahanan Misi Kementerian Pertahanan
- ^ The Churchill Centre - Speeches & Quotes
- ^ Paul Brickhill "The Dambusters"