CRISPR
| Cascade (Kompleks berkaitan CRISPR untuk pertahanan antivirus) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Protein Cascade CRISPR (biru kehijauan) terikat pada RNA CRISPR (hijau) and DNA faj (merah)[1] | |||||||
| Pengenal pasti | |||||||
| Organisma | |||||||
| Simbol | CRISPR | ||||||
| Entrez | 947229 | ||||||
| PDB | 4QYZ | ||||||
| RefSeq (Prot) | NP_417241.1 | ||||||
| UniProt | P38036 | ||||||
| |||||||
CRISPR ( /ˈkrispər/ ) (akronim untuk clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Melayu sebagai "jujukan berulang antara ruang palindromik pendek bergugus tetap") ialah keluarga jujukan DNA yang terdapat pada genom organisma prokariot seperti bakteria dan arkea.[2] Jujukan ini diperoleh daripada serpihan DNA bakteriofaj yang terlebih dahulu telah menjangkiti prokariot tersebut. Ia digunakan untuk mengesan dan memusnahkan DNA daripada bakteria yang serupa semasa jangkitan berikutnya. Oleh itu jujukan ini memainkan peranan penting dalam sistem pertahanan antivirus (iaitu antifaj) pada organisma prokariot dan menyediakan satu bentuk imuniti yang diperolehi.[2][3][4][5] CRISPR ditemui dalam kira-kira 50% daripada genom bakteria terjujuk dan hampir 90% daripada genom arkea terjujuk.[6]
Cas9 (atau "Protein 9 berkaitan CRISPR") ialah enzim yang menggunakan jujukan CRISPR sebagai panduan untuk mengenali dan membuka untaian DNA tertentu yang menjadi pelengkap kepada jujukan CRISPR. Enzim Cas9 bersama-sama dengan jujukan CRISPR membentuk asas kepada teknologi yang dikenali sebagai CRISPR-Cas9 yang boleh digunakan untuk mengedit gen dalam sel-sel organisma.[8][9] Proses penyuntingan ini mempunyai pelbagai jenis aplikasi termasuk penyelidikan biologi asas, pembangunan produk bioteknologi, dan rawatan penyakit.[10][11] Perkembangan teknik penyuntingan genom CRISPR-Cas9 telah diiktiraf oleh Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia pada tahun 2020 yang dianugerahkan kepada Emmanuelle Charpentier dan Jennifer Doudna.[12][13]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ PDB: 4QYZ: Mulepati S, Héroux A, Bailey S (2014). "Crystal structure of a CRISPR RNA–guided surveillance complex bound to a ssDNA target". Science. 345 (6203): 1479–1484. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1479M. doi:10.1126/science.1256996. PMC 4427192. PMID 25123481.
- ^ a b "The roles of CRISPR-Cas systems in adaptive immunity and beyond". Current Opinion in Immunology. 32: 36–41. 2015. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.008. PMID 25574773.
- ^ "What is CRISPR/Cas9?". Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition. 101 (4): 213–215. August 2016. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-310459. PMC 4975809. PMID 27059283.
- ^ "CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes". Science. 315 (5819): 1709–1712. March 2007. Bibcode:2007Sci...315.1709B. doi:10.1126/science.1138140. PMID 17379808.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(bantuan) (pendaftaran diperlukan) - ^ "CRISPR interference limits horizontal gene transfer in staphylococci by targeting DNA". Science. 322 (5909): 1843–1845. December 2008. Bibcode:2008Sci...322.1843M. doi:10.1126/science.1165771. PMC 2695655. PMID 19095942.
- ^ "The Biology of CRISPR-Cas: Backward and Forward". Cell. 172 (6): 1239–1259. March 2018. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.032. PMID 29522745.
|hdl-access=requires|hdl=(bantuan) - ^ "CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea". Science. 327 (5962): 167–170. January 2010. Bibcode:2010Sci...327..167H. doi:10.1126/science.1179555. PMID 20056882.
- ^ "Gene Editing on Center Stage". Trends in Genetics. 34 (8): 600–611. August 2018. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2018.05.004. PMID 29908711.
- ^ "CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing: progress, implications and challenges". Human Molecular Genetics. 23 (R1): R40–6. 2014. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu125. PMID 24651067.
- ^ CRISPR-CAS9, TALENS and ZFNS – the battle in gene editing https://www.ptglab.com/news/blog/crispr-cas9-talens-and-zfns-the-battle-in-gene-editing/
- ^ "Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering". Cell. 157 (6): 1262–1278. June 2014. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010. PMC 4343198. PMID 24906146.
- ^ "Press release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020". Nobel Foundation. Dicapai pada 7 October 2020.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 2 Scientists for Work on Genome Editing – Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna developed the Crispr tool, which can alter the DNA of animals, plants and microorganisms with high precision". The New York Times. 7 October 2020. Dicapai pada 7 October 2020.
Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Doudna J, Mali P (23 March 2016). CRISPR-Cas: A Laboratory Manual. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 978-1-62182-131-1.
- Mohanraju P, Makarova KS, Zetsche B, Zhang F, Koonin EV, van der Oost J (August 2016). "Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems" (PDF). Science. 353 (6299): aad5147. doi:10.1126/science.aad5147. hdl:1721.1/113195. PMID 27493190. S2CID 11086282.
- Sander JD, Joung JK (April 2014). "CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes". Nature Biotechnology. 32 (4): 347–355. doi:10.1038/nbt.2842. PMC 4022601. PMID 24584096.
- Slaymaker IM, Gao L, Zetsche B, Scott DA, Yan WX, Zhang F (January 2016). "Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity". Science. 351 (6268): 84–88. Bibcode:2016Sci...351...84S. doi:10.1126/science.aad5227. PMC 4714946. PMID 26628643.
- Terns RM, Terns MP (March 2014). "CRISPR-based technologies: prokaryotic defense weapons repurposed". Trends in Genetics. 30 (3): 111–118. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2014.01.003. PMC 3981743. PMID 24555991.
- Westra ER, Buckling A, Fineran PC (May 2014). "CRISPR-Cas systems: beyond adaptive immunity". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 12 (5): 317–326. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3241. PMID 24704746. S2CID 36575361.
- Andersson AF, Banfield JF (May 2008). "Virus population dynamics and acquired virus resistance in natural microbial communities". Science. 320 (5879): 1047–1050. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1047A. doi:10.1126/science.1157358. PMID 18497291. S2CID 26209623.
- Hale C, Kleppe K, Terns RM, Terns MP (December 2008). "Prokaryotic silencing (psi)RNAs in Pyrococcus furiosus". RNA. 14 (12): 2572–2579. doi:10.1261/rna.1246808. PMC 2590957. PMID 18971321.
- van der Ploeg JR (June 2009). "Analysis of CRISPR in Streptococcus mutans suggests frequent occurrence of acquired immunity against infection by M102-like bacteriophages". Microbiology. 155 (Pt 6): 1966–1976. doi:10.1099/mic.0.027508-0. PMID 19383692.
- van der Oost J, Brouns SJ (November 2009). "RNAi: prokaryotes get in on the act". Cell. 139 (5): 863–865. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.018. PMID 19945373. S2CID 11863610.
- Karginov FV, Hannon GJ (January 2010). "The CRISPR system: small RNA-guided defense in bacteria and archaea". Molecular Cell. 37 (1): 7–19. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.033. PMC 2819186. PMID 20129051.
- Pul U, Wurm R, Arslan Z, Geissen R, Hofmann N, Wagner R (March 2010). "Identification and characterization of E. coli CRISPR-cas promoters and their silencing by H-NS". Molecular Microbiology. 75 (6): 1495–1512. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07073.x. PMID 20132443. S2CID 37529215.
- Díez-Villaseñor C, Almendros C, García-Martínez J, Mojica FJ (May 2010). "Diversity of CRISPR loci in Escherichia coli". Microbiology. 156 (Pt 5): 1351–1361. doi:10.1099/mic.0.036046-0. PMID 20133361.
- Deveau H, Garneau JE, Moineau S (2010). "CRISPR/Cas system and its role in phage-bacteria interactions". Annual Review of Microbiology. 64: 475–493. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134123. PMID 20528693.
- Koonin EV, Makarova KS (December 2009). "CRISPR-Cas: an adaptive immunity system in prokaryotes". F1000 Biology Reports. 1: 95. doi:10.3410/B1-95. PMC 2884157. PMID 20556198.
- "The age of the red pen". The Economist. August 22, 2015. ISSN 0013-0613. Dicapai pada 2015-08-25.
- Ran AF, Hsu PD, Wright J, Agarwala V, Scott DA, Zhang F (2013). "Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system". Nature Protocols. 8 (11): 2281–2308. doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.143. PMC 3969860. PMID 24157548.
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
 |
Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan CRISPR |
- "Advanced Gene Editing: CRISPR-Cas9" (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
- "Jennifer Doudna talk: Genome Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9: Birth of a Breakthrough Technology". 10 September 2022.
- "Human Nature". NOVA. Musim 47. Episod 9. September 9, 2020. PBS. WGBH. Dicapai pada April 7, 2023.
Bank Data Protein[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Gambaran maklumat struktur tersedia di PDB bagi UniProt: Q46901 (CRISPR system Cascade subunit CasA) di PDBe-KB.
- Gambaran maklumat struktur tersedia di PDB bagi UniProt: P76632 (CRISPR system Cascade subunit CasB) di PDBe-KB.
- Gambaran maklumat struktur tersedia di PDB bagi UniProt: Q46899 (CRISPR system Cascade subunit CasC) di PDBe-KB.
- Gambaran maklumat struktur tersedia di PDB bagi UniProt: Q46898 (CRISPR system Cascade subunit CasD) di PDBe-KB.
- Gambaran maklumat struktur tersedia di PDB bagi UniProt: Q46897 (CRISPR system Cascade subunit CasE) di PDBe-KB.
| Perpustakaan negara | |
|---|---|
| Lain-lain | |
