Orang Tamil: Perbezaan antara semakan
Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah
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EleferenBot (bincang | sumb.) k bot mengubah: fr:Tamouls |
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Semakan pada 18:52, 3 Mac 2010
| Fail:Tamilpeople.jpg | |
| Kawasan ramai penduduk | |
|---|---|
 India | 60,793,814 (2001)[1] |
 Sri Lanka | 3,092,676 (2001)[2] |
 Malaysia | 2,100,000 (2007)[3] |
 Kanada | 200,000 (2007)[4] |
 Singapura | 236,550 (2006) |
| Bahasa | |
| Tamil | |
| Agama | |
| 88% Hindu, 6% Muslim, 5.5% Christian. | |
| Kumpulan etnik berkaitan | |
| Dravidians · Telugus · Kannadigas · Tuluvas · Malayalis · Giraavarus[5] · Sinhalese[6] | |
Orang Tamil (Bahasa Tamil: தமிழர், tamiḻar [?]), adalah sebuah kumpulan etnik yang berasal dari Tamil Nadu, sebuah negeri di India, dan the kawasan timur laut Sri Lanka. Mereka bercakap di dalam bahasa Tamil (தமிழ்), mempunyai satu sejarah panjang dua ribu tahun dulu .[8] Masyarakat penghijrah Tamil boleh didapati di seluruh dunia. Kebanyakan Tamil beragama Hindu tetapi terdapat juga populasi Kristian dan Muslim yang agak besar.
Notakaki
- ^ "Indian Census - Abstract of Strength of Mother Tongues". Indian Census, 2001. Dicapai pada 2008-01-07.
- ^ "Brief Analysis of Population and Housing Characteristics" (PDF). Sri Lanka census of population and housing 2001. Dicapai pada 2008-01-07.
- ^ "Ethnologue report for language code tam". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dicapai pada 2007-07-31.
- ^ "Tamils:Population in Canada (2007)" (html). Ryerson University. Dicapai pada 2008-02-19.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamamaloney - ^ Kshatriya, G.K. (1995). "Genetic affinities of Sri Lankan populations". Human Biology. American Association of Anthropological Genetics. 67 (6): 843–66. PMID 8543296.
- ^ "Top 30 Languages by Number of Native Speakers: sourced from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th ed. (2005)". Vistawide - World Languages & Cultures. Dicapai pada 2007-04-03.
- ^ M. B. Emeneau (1956). "India as a lingustic Area". Language. 32 (1): 5. doi:10.2307/410649. Dicapai pada 2007-05-03.
Of the four literary Dravidian languages, Tamil has voluminous records dating back at least two millennia
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Rujukan
- Bowers, F. (1956). Theatre in the East - A Survey of Asian Dance and Drama. New York: Grove Press.
- Casson, L. (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation and Commentary. Princeton, Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04060-5.
- Chaitanya, Krishna (1971). A history of Malayalam literature. New Delhi: Orient Longman. ISBN 81-250-0488-2.
- Coomaraswamy, A.K. (1946). Figures of Speech or Figures of Thought. London: Luzac & Co.
- Gadgil, M. & Joshi, N.V. & Shambu Prasad, U.V. & Manoharan, S. & Patil, S. (1997). "Peopling of India." In D. Balasubramanian and N. Appaji Rao (eds.), The Indian Human Heritage, pp.100–129. Hyderabad: Universities Press. ISBN 81-7371-128-3.
- Hart, G.L. (1975). The Poems of Ancient Tamil: Their Milieu and their Sanskrit Counterparts. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02672-1.
- Hart, G.L. (1979). "The Nature of Tamil Devotion." In M.M. Deshpande and P.E. Hook (eds.), Aryan and Non-Aryan in India, pp. 11–33. Michigan: Ann Arbor. ISBN 0-89148-014-5.
- Hart, G.L. (1987). "Early Evidence for Caste in South India." In P. Hockings (ed.), Dimensions of Social Life: Essays in honor of David B. Mandelbaum. Berlin: Mouton Gruyter.
- Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01227-5.
- Parpola, Asko (1974). "On the protohistory of the Indian languages in the light of archaeological, linguistic and religious evidence: An attempt at integration." In van Lohuizen, J.E. de Leeuw & Ubaghs, J.M.M. (eds.), South Asian Archaeology 1973, pp. 90–100. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
- Parpola, Asko (2003). Deciphering the Indus script (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79566-4.
- Pillai, Suresh B. (1976). Introduction to the study of temple art. Thanjavur: Equator and Meridian.
- Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1998). Passions of the Tongue: language devotion in Tamil India 1891–1970. Delhi: Munshiram. ISBN 81-215-0851-7.
- Sastri, K.S. Ramaswamy (2002). The Tamils: The People, Their History and Culture, Vol. 1: An Introduction to Tamil History and Society. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. ISBN 81-7755-406-9.
- Sharma, Manorama (2004). Folk India: A Comprehensive Study of Indian Folk Music and Culture, Vol. 11: Tamil Nadu and Kerala. New Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan. ISBN 81-7574-141-4.
- Sivaram, Rama (1994). Early Chola Art: Origin and Emergence of Style. New Delhi: Navrang. ISBN 81-7013-079-4.
- Subramanian, T.S. (17 February 2005). "`Rudimentary Tamil-Brahmi script' unearthed at Adichanallur". The Hindu.
- Suryanarayan, V. (2001). "In search of a new identity", Frontline 18(2).
- Swaminatha Iyer, S.S. (1910). A Brief History of the Tamil Country, Part 1: The Cholas. Tanjore: G.S. Maniya.
- Varadpande, M.L. (1992). Loka Ranga: Panorama of Indian Folk Theatre. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-278-0.
- Wells, Spencer (2002). The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey. Princeton University Press.
- Zvebil, K. (1974). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-03591-5.
- Indrapala, K (2007). The evolution of an ethnic identity: The Tamils of Sri Lanka. Colombo:Vijitha Yapa. ISBN 978-955-1266-72-1.
Data populasi
Semua data populasi telah diambil dari Ethnologue, dengan pengecualian data bagi Sri Lanka, yang diambil dari laman web "CIA World Factbook's Sri Lanka" .