Divisi Atomwaffen

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Divisi Atomwaffen
Atomwaffen Division
PemimpinBrandon Russell (2013–2017)
John Cameron Denton (2017–?)[1]
Kaleb Cole (?–2022)[2]
James Nolan Mason (advisor)[3]
Motif
Kawasan utamaUnited States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Baltic States, Russia, Switzerland, Italy, Finland, Ireland and other European countries, as well as Argentina and Brazil.
Ideologi
Tindakan utamaMurder of 5–8 people in the US and the murder of up to 6 people around the world[Note 1][8][9]
StatusAktif
SaizAhli penuh: Initiates: +60 (US)[16][17]
Cara perolehanArms trafficking, robbery, money laundering, clandestine chemistry[18]
Sekutu
Ditetapkan sebagai kumpulan pengganas oleh

Divisi Atomwaffen (Atomwaffen bermaksud "senjata atom" dalam bahasa Jerman[Note 2]) (bahasa Inggeris: Atomwaffen Division), juga dikenali sebagai Barisan Penentangan Sosialis Kebangsaan,[37] ialah rangkaian kanan jauh dan pengganas neo-Nazi antarabangsa.[4] Ditubuhkan pada 2013 dan berpangkalan di Selatan Amerika Syarikat, ia telah berkembang ke seluruh Amerika Syarikat dan ia juga telah berkembang ke United Kingdom, Argentina, Kanada, Jerman, negara Baltik dan negara Eropah yang lain. Kumpulan itu digambarkan sebagai sebahagian daripada kanan oleh beberapa wartawan, tetapi ia menolak label[38][39][40] dan ia dianggap melampau walaupun dalam pergerakan itu.[38] Ia disenaraikan sebagai kumpulan kebencian oleh Pusat Undang-undang Kemiskinan Selatan (SPLC), dan ia juga ditetapkan sebagai kumpulan pengganas oleh pelbagai kerajaan, termasuk United Kingdom dan Kanada.[28][29][41][42]

Anggota Divisi Atomwaffen telah dipertanggungjawabkan untuk beberapa pembunuhan, pengeboman, serangan pengganas yang dirancang, dan tindakan jenayah yang lain.[43]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

References[sunting | sunting sumber]

Informational notes

  1. ^ US Canada Germany Russia
  2. ^ Bahasa jerman Baku moden lebih suka Kernwaffen (Templat:Literal) untuk konsep.

Citations

  1. ^ "Atomwaffen Division/National Socialist Order". Center for International Security and Cooperation. 3 July 2022. Following Russell’s arrest and imprisonment, he was replaced as leader of AWD by John Cameron Denton
  2. ^ "Neo-Nazi Gets 7 Years for Threats Sent to Reporters, Activists". Voice of America. 3 July 2022. Investigators said [Cole] became a leader of Atomwaffen Division after another leader was arrested on explosives charges.
  3. ^ ""Atomwaffen Division/National Socialist Order, Center for International Security and Cooperation, January 14, 2022 "Mason is a former member of the American Nazi Party and serves as an advisor to AWD."
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Upchurch, H. E. (22 December 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (penyunting). "The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the "Skull Mask" Neo-Fascist Network" (PDF). CTC Sentinel. West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center. 14 (10): 27–37. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 27 December 2021. Dicapai pada 19 January 2022.
  5. ^ Multiple sources:
  6. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan t-online tidak disediakan
  7. ^ "Интернационал Тарранта. Кто распространяет в России манифест массового убийцы?" [Who is distributing the mass murderer manifesto in Russia?]. BBC News (dalam bahasa Rusia). July 2, 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada July 3, 2020. Dicapai pada July 2, 2020.
  8. ^ Multiple sources:
  9. ^ "Telegram is crawling with antisemitism". Wired. October 13, 2021. AtomWaffen Division, which has been linked to at least 11 murders worldwide
  10. ^ "State of Hate 2020" (PDF). Hope not Hate. March 2, 2020. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada March 2, 2020. Dicapai pada March 2, 2020.
  11. ^ "Chats der 'Feuerkrieg Division' 'Wir töten jeden ...'" [Chats of the Fire War Division "We will kill everyone..."] (dalam bahasa Jerman). N-TV. March 11, 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada May 24, 2020. Dicapai pada March 11, 2020.
  12. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan raid tidak disediakan
  13. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Seura tidak disediakan
  14. ^ "British Neo-Nazis suggest Prince Harry should be shot". BBC News. August 3, 2019. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada April 19, 2020. Dicapai pada December 6, 2018.
  15. ^ Fabrizi, Chiara (January 23, 2021). "'Primo obiettivo la guerra di razza': anche due umbri tra i 38 del Nuovo ordine sociale". Umbria24. Dicapai pada January 23, 2021.
  16. ^ Thompson, A.C. (July 8, 2019). "Documenting Hate: New American Nazis". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada January 2, 2020. Dicapai pada July 8, 2019.
  17. ^ "Siege: The Atomwaffen Division and Rising Far-Right Terrorism in the United States" (PDF). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism. October 9, 2019. Diarkibkan (PDF) daripada yang asal pada November 25, 2019. Dicapai pada October 9, 2019.
  18. ^ "Transnational White Terror: Exposing Atomwaffen And The Iron March Networks". Bellingcat. December 20, 2019. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada December 20, 2019. Dicapai pada December 20, 2019.
  19. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Anti-Defamation League tidak disediakan
  20. ^ "We need to talk about Azov". Hill Times. 26 July 2022. The Azov Battalion has cultivated a relationship with members of the Atomwaffen Division as well as with U.S.-based militants from R.A.M
  21. ^ "Examining Atomwaffen Division's Transnational Linkages". The Cipher Brief. 26 July 2022. AWD has cultivated a relationship with the notorious Azov Battalion, which has emerged as a critical node in the broader WSE movement.
  22. ^ "Ukraine Could Become a Training Ground for Neo-Nazi Groups". Eye on European Radicalization. 26 July 2022. With the current state of chaos in Ukraine and porous borders near Poland, members of Atomwaffen Division and other neo-Nazis will be welcomed with open arms and plentiful resources provided by the Azov Regiment.
  23. ^ "Russia's misguided 'denazification' of Ukraine is a self-fulfilling prophecy". MSNBC. 26 July 2022. And although it is a relatively small battalion, estimated at only 900 volunteers, Azov’s reputation and global reach is far bigger. The group has recruited foreign fighters from at least half a dozen countries and has globally become “a larger-than-life brand among many extremists,” according to Katz. U.S.-based militants from the now-defunct Rise Above Movement, along with members of the terrorist group Atomwaffen Division, have been cultivated by Azov.
  24. ^ Ali Winston (8 October 2023). "Revealed: neo-Nazi active club counts several of US military as members". The Guardian. In Telegram group chats with members of other violent neo-fascist groups, including the Base, Liel has claimed he was once affiliated with the Atomwaffen Division,
  25. ^ Mack Lamoureux (8 October 2023). "Neo-Nazi Fight Clubs Are Fat-Shaming Men Into White Nationalism". Vice News. Other sources told VICE News that former members of the neo-Nazi group Atomwaffen, which has been designated a terrorist organization in Canada, are playing key roles in organizing active clubs north of the border.
  26. ^ "Dangerous Organizations and Bad Actors: Nordic Resistance Movement". Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey. 19 November 2022. Nordic Resistance Movement (NRM) is a neofascist and accelerationist organization with a strong propensity for violence...NRM is a neofascist organization with a propensity towards accelerationist tactics. While upholding traditional facets of neofascism, including the goal of establishing a white Nordic ethnostate, NRM’s history also points to widespread support for other openly accelerationist organizations and simultaneous endorsements from explicitly accelerationist organizations and networks like the Iron March forum...NRM publicly supports a number of openly militant accelerationist organizations, including Atomwaffen Division (AWD) and Russian Imperial Movement (RIM).
  27. ^ "Combat training for European neo-Nazis in Russia". Lansing Institute. 14 January 2022. Dicapai pada 22 August 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Extremist neo-Nazi group to be banned under terror laws". BBC News. February 24, 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada February 26, 2020. Dicapai pada February 25, 2020.
  29. ^ a b "Eesti teismelise juhitud neonatsirühmitus kuulutatakse Suurbritannias terroristlikuks" [A neo-Nazi group led by an Estonian teenager is declared terrorist] (dalam bahasa Estonia). Postimees. July 13, 2020. Dicapai pada July 13, 2020.
  30. ^ "British Government Bans Atomwaffen Division As Criminal Terrorist Organization". Vice News. April 22, 2021.
  31. ^ "Atomwaffen Division, The Base, Proud Boys, and Russian Imperial Movement added to the Canadian terrorism list". Canadian Anti-Hate Network. February 3, 2021.
  32. ^ "Australia bans far-right extremist Sonnenkrieg Division". Deutsche Welle. March 22, 2021.
  33. ^ "Australia to list Hamas as terror group". Seven News. February 17, 2022.
  34. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan extremist tidak disediakan
  35. ^ Poulter, James (March 12, 2018). "The Obscure Neo-Nazi Forum Linked to a Wave of Terror". Vice. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada May 4, 2020. Dicapai pada June 18, 2019.
  36. ^ "Visions of Chaos: Weighing the Violent Legacy of Iron March". Southern Poverty Law Center. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada June 23, 2019. Dicapai pada June 18, 2019.
  37. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan Rebrand2 tidak disediakan
  38. ^ a b O'Brien, Luke; Mathias, Christopher (November 21, 2017). "The Maniac Neo-Nazis Keeping Charles Manson's Race War Alive". HuffPost. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada September 17, 2019. Dicapai pada February 16, 2018. Even within the alt-right — a loose association of white supremacists and fascists — the Atomwaffen Division is considered extreme.
  39. ^ Mathias, Christopher (January 31, 2018). "1 Neo-Nazi Group. 5 Murders In 8 Months". HuffPost. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada March 26, 2019. Dicapai pada February 15, 2018.
  40. ^ "Report: Suspect in Penn Student's Murder Has Neo-Nazi Ties". Philadelphia. January 29, 2018. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada June 19, 2019. Dicapai pada February 15, 2018.
  41. ^ "Active Hate Groups". Southern Poverty Law Center. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada June 23, 2019. Dicapai pada June 16, 2019.
  42. ^ Paula Newton (February 3, 2021). "Canada will list the Proud Boys movement as a terrorist group". CNN. Dicapai pada 2021-02-03.
  43. ^ "Brandon Russell: Leader of neo-Nazi Atomwaffen group charged with Baltimore power grid plot". BBC News. 6 December 2023. Mr Russell is the founder of Atomwaffen Division, a neo-Nazi group which has been linked to several murders, bombings and plots in the United States and other countries.
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