Pertempuran Saipan

Pertempuran Saipan
	Sebahagian daripada Kancah Pasifik Perang Dunia II
	; LVT menghala ke pantai pada 15 Jun 1944. Birmingham di latar depan; kruiser yang membedil pada jarak jauh ialah Indianapolis.
Tarikh	15 Jun – 9 Julai 1944; (3 minggu, 3 hari)
Lokasi	Saipan, Kepulauan Mariana
Keputusan	Kemenangan Amerika
Pihak yang terlibat
Amerika Syarikat	Jepun
Komandan dan pemimpin
Richmond K. Turner; Holland Smith	Yoshitsugu Saitō †; Chūichi Nagumo †; Takeo Takagi †; Matsuji Ijuin †
Unit terlibat
Kor V Amfibia; (Artikel utama)	Tentera Darat Ke-31; (Artikel utama)
Kekuatan
71,000	32,000
Kerugian dan korban
13,790 kasualti:; 3,426 terbunuh dan hilang; 10,364 cedera	29,000 kasualti:; 24,000 KIA; 5,000 bunuh diri
	7,000 orang awam Jepun (ramai yang membunuh diri); 22,000 orang awam terkorban

Pertempuran Saipan adalah satu peperangan kempen Pasifik dalam Perang Dunia II, berlangsung dekat pulau Saipan di Kepulauan Mariana dari 15 Jun hingga 9 Julai 1944. Armada penyerbuan Bersekutu menggerakkan angkatan ekspedisi dari Pearl Harbor pada 5 Jun 1944, sehari sebelum pelancaran Operasi Overlord di Eropah. Divisyen Ke-2 Marin, Divisyen Ke-4 Marin, dan Divisyen Ke-27 Infantri AS, diperintah oleh Leftenan Jeneral Holland Smith, mengalahkan Divisyen Ke-43 Infantri dari Tentera Darat Imperial Jepun, diperintah oleh Leftenan Jeneral Yoshitsugu Saito. Kehilangan Saipan, dengan kematian sekurang-kurangnya 29,000 askar dan korban orang awam yang besar, menyebabkan peletakkan jawatan Perdana Menteri Jepun Jeneral Hideki Tōjō dan membiarkan tanah besar Jepun di dalam jarak pesawat pengebom B-29 Bersekutu.

Nota[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Beevor, Antony (2012). The Second World War (ed. 1). New York: Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-02375-7.
^ Miller, Donald L. (2001). The Story of World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2718-6.
^ battleofsaipan.com/seabee.htm
^ ^a ^b Beevor, Antony (2013). The Second World War (dalam bahasa Norwegian) (ed. 1st). Cappelen Damm. m/s. 611. ISBN 978-82-02-42146-5.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Battle of Saipan". Historynet.com.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Buku[sunting | sunting sumber]

Bright, Richard Carl (2007). Pain and Purpose In the Pacific: True Reports Of War. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-4251-2544-1.
Denfeld, D. Colt (1997). Hold the Marianas: The Japanese Defense of the Mariana Islands. White Mane Pub. ISBN 1-57249-014-4.
Gailey, Harry A. (1986). Howlin' Mad Vs. the Army: Conflict in Command, Saipan 1944. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-242-5.
Goldberg, Harold J. (2007). D-day in the Pacific: The Battle of Saipan. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34869-2.
Jones, Don (1986). Oba, The Last Samurai. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-245-X.
Manchester, William (1980). Goodbye, Darkness A Memoir of the Pacific War. Boston – Toronto: Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 0-316-54501-5.
Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). New Guinea and the Marianas, March 1944 – August 1944, vol. 8 of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II (ed. reissue). Champaign, Illinois, US: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-07038-0.
O'Brien, Francis A. (2003). Battling for Saipan. Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-804-0.
Petty, Bruce M. (2001). Saipan: Oral Histories of the Pacific War. McFarland and Company. ISBN 0-7864-0991-6.
Rottman, Gordon; Howard Gerrard (2004). Saipan & Tinian 1944: Piercing the Japanese Empire. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-804-9.
Sauer, Howard (1999). "Torpedoed at Saipan". The Last Big-Gun Naval Battle: The Battle of Surigao Strait. Palo Alto, California: The Glencannon Press. ISBN 1-889901-08-3. – Firsthand account of naval gunfire support by a crewmember of USS Maryland.

Laman sesawang[sunting | sunting sumber]

Chapin, Captain John C. (1994). The Battle for Saipan. Washington D.C.: United States Marine Corps Historical Division. PCN 19000312300. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 December 2008. Dicapai pada 12 December 2008. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
Chen, C. Peter. "The Marianas and the Great Turkey Shoot". World War II Database. Dicapai pada 31 May 2005.
Saipan – a 2nd Marine Division pamphlet describing certain expected features of the invasion and combat, including the presence of a large civilian population.
Breaching the Marianas: The Battle for Saipan (Marines in World War II Commemorative Series)
Banzai charge in Saipan: Gyokusai (Jepun) Suicide for the Emperor?
Hoffman, Major Carl W. (1950). "Saipan: The Beginning of the End". USMC Historical Monograph. Historical Branch, United States Marine Corps. Dicapai pada 19 December 2005.
Anderson, Charles R. (2003). Western Pacific. U.S. Army Campaigns of World War II. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 72-29. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-13. Dicapai pada 3 November 2004.
Dyer, George Carroll (1956). "The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner". United States Government Printing Office. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 21 May 2011. Dicapai pada 5 May 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
SMU's Frank J. Davis World War II Photographs contain 129 images of Saipan, including 18 images depicting the surrender of the famous "hold-out" Japanese forces under the command of Captain Oba in December 1945

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Koordinat: 15°11′N 145°45′E / 15.183°N 145.750°E / 15.183; 145.750

[Beevor-1] Beevor, Antony (2012). The Second World War (ed. 1). New York: Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0-316-02375-7.

[Miller-2] Miller, Donald L. (2001). The Story of World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-2718-6.

[3] ttleofsaipan.com/seabee.htm

[Beevor611-4] Beevor, Antony (2013). The Second World War (dalam bahasa Norwegian) (ed. 1st). Cappelen Damm. m/s. 611. ISBN 978-82-02-42146-5.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[5] "Battle of Saipan". Historynet.com.

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