Bahasa Indo-Iran
| Indo-Iranian | |
|---|---|
| Indo-Iranic (Aryan) | |
| Taburan geografi: | South, Central, Western Asia, South East Europe and the Caucasus / Total speakers = approximately 1.5 billion in 15 countries |
| Klasifikasi bahasa: | Indo-European
|
| Bahasa-proto: | Proto-Indo-Iranian |
| Pembahagian: | |
| ISO 639-5: | iir |
| Glottolog: | indo1320[1] |
 Distribution of the Indo-Iranian languages | |
Bahasa Indo-Iran (juga bahasa-bahasa Indo-Iranic[2][3] atau bahasa Arya[4] ) merupakan cabang terbesar dan paling tenggara yang masih wujud dalam keluarga bahasa Indo-Eropah. Mereka mempunyai lebih daripada 1.5 bilion pembesar suara, merentang dari Eropah (Romani), Kurdistan (Kurdi dan Zaza–Gorani) dan Caucasus (Ossetia) ke arah timur ke Xinjiang(Sarikoli) dan Assam (Assam), dan selatan ke Sri Lanka (Sinhala) dan Maldives (Maldive), dengan cawangan menjangkau sejauh Oceania dan Caribbean untuk Fiji Hindi dan Caribbean Hindustan masing-masing. Selain itu, terdapat komuniti diaspora besar penutur Indo-Iran di barat laut Eropah (United Kingdom), Amerika Utara (Amerika Syarikat, Kanada), Australia, Afrika Selatan dan Wilayah Teluk Parsi (Emiriah Arab Bersatu, Arab Saudi).
Bahasa[sunting | sunting sumber]
The Indo-Iranian languages consist of three groups:
Indo-Iranian languages are spoken by more than 1.5 billion people. The languages with the most speakers are a part of the Indo-Aryan group: Hindi–Urdu (~590 million as the Indian census often includes Bhojpuri (40 million), Awadhi (40 million), Maithili (35 million), Marwari (30 million), Rajasthani (20 million), Chhattisgarhi (18 million) and Kumaoni (2.1 million) as dialects),[5] Bengali (205 million),[6] Punjabi (100 million), Marathi (90 million), Gujarati (50 million), Odia (35 million), Sindhi (25 million), Assamese (24 million), Sinhala (19 million), Nepali (17 million), and Bishnupuriya (12 million).[7] Among the Iranian branch, major languages are Persian (90 million),[8] Pashto (40 million), Kurdish (35 million),[9] and Balochi (8 million). There are also many smaller languages.
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Topik Indo-Eropah |
|---|
| Indo-European languages |
| Albanian · Armenian · Baltic Celtic · Germanic · Greek Indo-Iranian (Indo-Aryan, Iranian) Italic · Slavic extinct: Anatolian ·
Paleo-Balkans (Dacian, |
| Indo-European peoples |
| Albanians · Armenians Balts · Celts · Germanic peoples Greeks · Indo-Aryans Iranians · Latins · Slavs historical: Anatolians (Hittites, Luwians) |
| Proto-Indo-Europeans |
| Language · Society · Religion |
| Urheimat hypotheses |
| Kurgan hypothesis Anatolia · Armenia · India · PCT |
| Indo-European studies |
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, penyunting (2017). "Indo-Iranian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ D. D. Mahulkar (1990). Pre-Pāṇinian Linguistic Studies. Northern Book Centre. ISBN 978-81-85119-88-5.
- ^ Annarita Puglielli; Mara Frascarelli (2011). Linguistic Analysis: From Data to Theory. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022250-0.
- ^ Jadranka Gvozdanović (1999). Numeral Types and Changes Worldwide. Walter de Gruyter. m/s. 221. ISBN 978-3-11-016113-7.: "The usage of 'Aryan languages' is not to be equated with Indo-Aryan languages, rather Indo-Iranic languages of which Indo-Aryan is a subgrouping."
- ^ Edwards, Viv. "Urdu Today". BBC.
- ^ Thompson, Irene. "Bengali". AboutWorldLanguages. Dicapai pada 29 March 2013.
- ^ "Census of India: Family-wise grouping of the 122 Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Languages -2001". www.censusindia.gov.in.
- ^ Noack, Rick. "The future of language". Washington Post (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2020-03-27.
- ^ CIA- The World Factbook: 14.7 million in Turkey (18%)[1][tiada dalam ayat yang diberikan], 4.9–6.5 million in Iraq (15-20%)[2][tiada dalam ayat yang diberikan], 8 million in Iran (10%)"Archived copy". Dicapai pada 31 Mac 2011.[tiada dalam ayat yang diberikan] (all for 2014), plus several million in Syria, neighboring countries, and the diaspora