Jeepney: Perbezaan antara semakan

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== Rujukan ==
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Sumber ==
* {{cite news
| url = http://bulatlat.com/news/5-11/5-11-drivers.htm
| title = Drivers' Income Nosedives as Oil Price Soars
| first1 = Alexander Martin Remollino
| date = April 24–30, 2005
| accessdate = {{date | October 9, 2014}}
| last1 = Bulatlat
| volume = V
| issue = 11
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061114051938/http://www.bulatlat.com/news/5-11/5-11-drivers.htm
| archivedate = November 14, 2006
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite web
| url = http://jedchan.com/history-art-philippine-jeepney-fmc
| title = History of the Art in Philippine Jeepneys
| first1 = JeD
| last1 = Chan
| date = June 5, 2009
| accessdate = March 29, 2013
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121009041512/http://jedchan.com/history-art-philippine-jeepney-fmc
| archivedate = October 9, 2012
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| url = http://www.mb.com.ph/bus-rapid-transit-system-eyed-in-metro-manila/
| title = Bus rapid transit system eyed in Metro Manila
| first1 = Kris Bayos
| last1 = Manila Bulletin
| date = March 21, 2014
| accessdate = October 9, 2014
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140712104352/http://www.mb.com.ph/bus-rapid-transit-system-eyed-in-metro-manila
| archivedate = July 12, 2014
| url-status = live
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| first1 = Katrina Mennen A. Valdez
| title = Partsmakers plan local assembly of electric jeepney
| url = http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2008/jan/25/yehey/business/20080125bus4.html
| last1 = Manila Times
| date = January 25, 2008
| accessdate = February 27, 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080128134741/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2008/jan/25/yehey/business/20080125bus4.html
| archivedate = January 28, 2008
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite book
|last1 = Mercado
|first1 = Leonardo N.
|chapterurl = http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-8/chapter_x.htm
|title = The Filipino Mind
|volume = Philosophical Studies II
|chapter = Chapter X: Microcosms, THE JEEPNEY AS MICROCOSM
|publisher = Council for Research in Values and Philosophy
|editor1 = George F. McLean
|series = Cultural Heritage & Contemporary Change
|isbn = 978-1-56518-063-5
|url = http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-8/contents.htm
|ref = harv
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303014152/http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-8/contents.htm
|archivedate = March 3, 2016
}}

* {{cite journal
| last1 = Otsuka
| first1 = Keijiro
| first2 = Masao
| last2 = Kikuchi
| first3 = Yujiro
| last3 = Hayami
| date = January 1986
| title = Community and Market in Contract Choice: The Jeepney in the Philippines
| journal = Economic Development and Cultural Change
| volume = 34
| issue = 2
| pages = 279–298
| doi = 10.1086/451528
| jstor = 1153851

| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| first1 = Mario B. Dalu
| last1 = Philippine Daily Inquirer
| date = June 10, 2008
| url = http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20080610-141751/Is-it-finally-time-to-phase-out-jeepneys
| title = Is it finally time to phase out jeepneys? (opinion)
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611002551/http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20080610-141751/Is-it-finally-time-to-phase-out-jeepneys
| archivedate = June 11, 2008
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| first1 = Reynaldo D. Pagsolingan
| last1 = Philippine Daily Inquirer
| date = September 29, 2010
| url = http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20100929-295104/Jeepneys-should-be-phased-out-in-the-Metro
| title = Jeepneys should be phased out in the Metro (opinion)
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101001134020/http://opinion.inquirer.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view/20100929-295104/Jeepneys-should-be-phased-out-in-the-Metro
| archivedate = October 1, 2010
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| url = http://business.inquirer.net/81636/finally-a-cleaner-jeepney
| title = Finally, a cleaner jeepney
| first1 = Jason K. Ang
| last1 = Philippine Daily Inquirer
| date = September 12, 2012
| accessdate = October 9, 2014
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120915004211/http://business.inquirer.net/81636/finally-a-cleaner-jeepney
| archivedate = September 15, 2012
| url-status = live
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| url = http://motioncars.inquirer.net/30051/bus-rapid-transit-system-planned-for-metro-manila-cebu
| title = Bus Rapid Transit system planned for Metro Manila, Cebu
| first1 = Miguel R. Camus
| last1 = Philippine Daily Inquirer
| date = July 4, 2014
| accessdate = October 9, 2014
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140704214743/http://motioncars.inquirer.net/30051/bus-rapid-transit-system-planned-for-metro-manila-Cebu
| archivedate = July 4, 2014
| url-status = live
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| title = Jeepneys in the Philippines
| url = http://www.philippine-portal.com/transportation/jeepneys.html
| publisher = Philippine-portal.com
| accessdate = December 5, 2010
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081207063545/http://www.philippine-portal.com/transportation/jeepneys.html
| archivedate = December 7, 2008
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| first1 = Karen Lema
| last1 = Reuters
| title = Manila's jeepney pioneer fears the end of the road
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSMAN1276320071120
| date = November 20, 2007
| accessdate = February 27, 2008
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208231750/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-philippines-jeepney-idUSMAN1276320071120
| archivedate = December 8, 2015
| url-status = live
| ref = harv
}}

* {{cite news
| url = http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2013/04/20/cebu-s-bus-transit-being-tested-ncr-278526
| title = Cebu's bus transit being tested in NCR
| first1 = Rebelander S. Basilan
| last1 = Sun Star Cebu
| date = April 20, 2013
| accessdate = October 9, 2014
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130422095828/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2013/04/20/cebu-s-bus-transit-being-tested-ncr-278526
| archivedate = April 22, 2013
| url-status = dead
| ref = harv
}}


== Pautan luar ==
== Pautan luar ==

Semakan pada 14:39, 4 Ogos 2020

Rencana ini mengenai pengangkutan awam Filipina. Untuk saluran TV kabel, sila lihat Jeepney TV.
Jeepney
Maklumat
Pengilang
  • Armak
  • Biga Motors
  • A. Borja
  • Celestial
  • Doctor Motors
  • EM Motors
  • F. G.
  • Hataw
  • Hayag
  • Hebron
  • LGS
  • Lippad
  • Malagueña Motors
  • Melford Motors
  • Marquez Motors
  • Morales Motors
  • Nelson
  • Obetski Motors
  • Rogans Motors
  • Sarao Motors
  • Skipper Motors
  • Tabing Motors
  • Tingloy Motors
Pengeluaran1945–kini[1]
PemasanganFilipina
KelasVan mini, bas mini, jeep
Gaya badanKenderaan pelbagai guna
Reka letakSusun atur belakang, susun atur roda belakang
BerkaitJeep
Pereka bentukLeonardo Sarao[2]

Jeepney (Filipina: Dyipne), kadang-kadang dipanggil hanya jip (Filipino: dyip), ialah bas dan cara yang paling popular di pengangkutan awam yang sentiasa ada di Filipina.[3] Mereka terkenal dengan hiasan tempat duduk dan kitsch yang penuh sesak, yang telah menjadi simbol kebudayaan dan seni Filipina.[4] Sebuah jeepney Sarao dipamerkan di pavilion Filipina di 1964 New York World's Fair sebagai imej nasional untuk orang-orang Filipina.[5]

Jeepney pada asalnya dibuat dari jip tentera AS yang tertinggal dari Perang Dunia II.[6] Perkataan jeepney mungkin perkataan portmanteau – kombinasi "jip" dan "jitney", kedua-dua perkataan slanga lazim dalam vernakular era yang popular: "jitney" menjadi istilah popular untuk kenderaan teksi Amerika, dan "jip" istilah yang baru diwujudkan untuk menggambarkan jenis kenderaan tentera (asal dari Tujuan Umum, atau GP, maka Jeep). Sumber-sumber lain memihak kepada penjelasan yang jauh kurang mungkin bahawa ia merupakan portmanteau "jeep" dan "lutut", kerana penumpang duduk sangat dekat dengan satu sama lain.[7] Kebanyakan jeepney digunakan sebagai kenderaan utiliti awam. Ada yang digunakan sebagai kenderaan peribadi. Jeepney sering digunakan untuk penggunaan komersial atau institusi.

Rujukan

  1. ^ "History of the Philippine Jeepney". Tourism in the Philippines. Dicapai pada 8 Nov 2017.
  2. ^ "Lifestyle Sarao Jeepney". The Philippines: The City of Las Piñas. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 May 2016. Dicapai pada 13 May 2016.
  3. ^ Reuters 2007.
  4. ^ Stuart, Godofredo U. "The Philippine Jeepney: The Undisputed King of the Road". StuartXChange. The Philippines. Dicapai pada 13 May 2016.
  5. ^ Mercado 1994.
  6. ^ Otsuka, Kikuchi & Hayami 1986.
  7. ^ "History of the Philippine Jeepney". 12 April 2012. Dicapai pada 10 Oktober 2014.

Sumber

  • Mercado, Leonardo N. "Chapter X: Microcosms, THE JEEPNEY AS MICROCOSM". Dalam George F. McLean (penyunting). The Filipino Mind. Cultural Heritage & Contemporary Change. Philosophical Studies II. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. ISBN 978-1-56518-063-5. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada March 3, 2016. Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Otsuka, Keijiro; Kikuchi, Masao; Hayami, Yujiro (January 1986). "Community and Market in Contract Choice: The Jeepney in the Philippines". Economic Development and Cultural Change. 34 (2): 279–298. doi:10.1086/451528. JSTOR 1153851.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Pautan luar

Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeepney&oldid=4868872"