Negeri di Amerika Syarikat

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LokasiAmerika Syarikat
Bilangan50

Terdapat sebanyak 50 buah negeri dalam Amerika Syarikat yang merupakan entiti subnasional negara tersebut, walaupun empat negeri menggunakan gelaran rasmi "Komanwel". Pemisahan pemerintahan pada peringkat-peringkat negeri dan persekutuan masih berkongsi kedaulatan lalu bermakna seorang warga Amerika Syarikat merupakan warga kedua-dua entiti persekutuan dan domisil negeri mereka. Bagaimanapun, kerakyatan negeri adalah sangat longgar/fleksibel, dan tidak memerlukan persetujuan kerajaan apabila bergerak antara negeri-negeri (kecuali pesalah dalam parol).

Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat mengagih-agihkan kuassa di antara dua peringkat kerajaan dalam bentuk umum. Dengan meratifikasi perlembagaan, setiap negeri memindahkan kuasa-kuasa perdaulatan tertentu kepada kerajaan persekutuan dan bersetuju untuk berkongsi kuasa dengannya. Di bawah Pemindaan Kesepuluh, Semua kuasa bukan secara jelas dipindahkan atau dikekalkan oleh negeri dan masyarakatnya. Dari segi sejarah, tugas-tugas pendidikan awam, kesihatan awam, pengangkutan dan infrastruktur lain adalah di bawah tanggungjawab negeri , walaupun semua mempunyai dana persekutuan dan juga peraturan persekutuan juga.

Sehingga hari ini, perlembagaan sudah pun dipinda, dan interpretasi dan applikasi peruntukan juga berubah. Kecenderungan umum biasanya ke arah pemusatan, dengan kerajaan persekutuan memainkan peranan lebih besar daripada sebelumnya. Terdapat satu debat berterusan terhadap "hak-hak negeri", yang mana lebih berat kepada sejauh mana dan semulajadi kuasa-kuasa negeri-negeri yang sudah diberikan kepada kerajaan persekutuan.

Senarai negeri[sunting | sunting sumber]

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingDelawareMarylandNew HampshireNew JerseyMassachusettsConnecticutWest VirginiaVermontRhode Island

Berikut merupakan negeri-negeri yang ada dalam gabungan Amerika Syarikat disusun mengikut maklumat berikut:

  1. Nama rasmi negeri
  2. Nama biasa negeri
  3. Sebutan yang sepatutnya digunakan sebagai nama biasa negeri seperti ditranskipkan megikut Sebutan Huruf Antarabangsa (sila lihat Bantuan:Pronunciation untuk satu kunci)
  4. Perkhidmatan Pos Amerika Syarikat (USPS) dua-huruf singkatan nama[1]
    (also used as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard 3166-2 country subdivision code)
  5. Tarikh negeri ratified the United States Constitution or was admitted to the Union
  6. Biro Perangkaan Amerika Syarikat menganggarkan populasi Sehingga Julai 2006[2]
  7. ibu kota negeri
  8. The most populous incorporated place or Census Designated Place within the state as of 2006-07-01, as estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau[3]
  9. An image of the official state flag
50 Negeri-negeri Amerika Syarikat
Nama rasmi negeri (dalam bahasa utama negeri) Nama Biasa IPA USPS Tarikh Populasi Ibu kota Bandar paling ramai Bendera
State of Alabama Alabama /ˌæləˈbæmə/ AL 181912141819-12-14 04,599,030 Montgomery Birmingham
State of Alaska Alaska /əˈlæskə/ AK 195901031959-01-03 00,670,053 Juneau Anchorage
State of Arizona Arizona /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ AZ 191202141912-02-14 06,166,318 Phoenix Phoenix
State of Arkansas Arkansas /ˈɑrkənsɔː/ AR 183606151836-06-15 02,810,872 Little Rock Little Rock
State of California California /ˌkælɪˈfɔrnjə/ CA 185009091850-09-09 36,457,549 Sacramento Los Angeles
State of Colorado Colorado /ˌkɒləˈrædoʊ/ CO 187608011876-08-01 04,753,377 Denver Denver
State of Connecticut Connecticut /kəˈnɛtɪkət/ CT 178801091788-01-09 03,504,809 Hartford Bridgeport[4]
State of Delaware Delaware /ˈdɛləwɛər/ DE 178712071787-12-07 00,853,476 Dover Wilmington
State of Florida Florida /ˈflɒrɪdə/ FL 184503031845-03-03 18,089,888 Tallahassee Jacksonville[5]
State of Georgia Georgia /ˈdʒɔrdʒə/ GA 178801021788-01-02 09,363,941 Atlanta Atlanta
State of Hawaiʻi
Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi
(Bahasa Hawaii)
Hawaii /həˈwaɪi/, [haʋaiʔi] HI 195908211959-08-21 01,285,498 Honolulu Honolulu
State of Idaho Idaho /ˈaɪdəhoʊ/ ID 189007031890-07-03 01,466,465 Boise Boise
State of Illinois Illinois /ɪlɪˈnɔɪ/ IL 181812031818-12-03 12,831,970 Springfield Chicago
State of Indiana Indiana /ˌɪndiːˈænə/ IN 181612111816-12-11 06,313,520 Indianapolis Indianapolis
State of Iowa Iowa /ˈaɪəwə/ IA 184612281846-12-28 02,982,085 Des Moines Des Moines
State of Kansas Kansas /ˈkænzəs/ KS 186101291861-01-29 02,764,075 Topeka Wichita
Commonwealth of Kentucky Kentucky /kənˈtʌki/ KY 179206011792-06-01 04,206,074 Frankfort Louisville
State of Louisiana
État de Louisiane
(Bahasa Perancis)
Louisiana /luːˌiːziːˈænə/ LA 181204301812-04-30 04,287,768 Baton Rouge New Orleans
State of Maine Maine /ˈmeɪn/ ME 182003151820-03-15 01,321,574 Augusta Portland
State of Maryland Maryland /ˈmɛrələnd/ MD 178804281788-04-28 05,615,727 Annapolis Baltimore[6]
Commonwealth of Massachusetts Massachusetts /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ MA 178802061788-02-06 06,437,193 Boston Boston
State of Michigan Michigan /ˈmɪʃɪgən/ MI 183701261837-01-26 10,095,643 Lansing Detroit
State of Minnesota Minnesota /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ MN 185805111858-05-11 05,167,101 Saint Paul Minneapolis
State of Mississippi Mississippi /ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi/ MS 181712101817-12-10 02,910,540 Jackson Jackson
State of Missouri Missouri /mɪˈzʊəri, mɪˈzʊərə/ MO 182108101821-08-10 05,842,713 Bandar Jefferson Kansas City[7]
State of Montana Montana /mɒnˈtænə/ MT 188911081889-11-08 00,944,632 Helena Billings
State of Nebraska Nebraska /nəˈbræskə/ NE 186703011867-03-01 01,768,331 Lincoln Omaha
State of Nevada Nevada /nəˈvædə/ NV 186410311864-10-31 02,495,529 Bandar Carson Las Vegas
State of New Hampshire New Hampshire /njuːˈhæmpʃər/ NH 178806211788-06-21 01,314,895 Concord Manchester[8]
State of New Jersey New Jersey /njuːˈdʒɝzi/ NJ 178712181787-12-18 08,724,560 Trenton Newark[9]
State of New Mexico
Estado de Nuevo México
(Bahasa Sepanyol)
New Mexico /njuːˈmɛksɪkoʊ/ NM 191201061912-01-06 01,954,599 Santa Fe Albuquerque
State of New York New York /njuːˈjɔrk/ NY 178807261788-07-26 19,306,183 Albany New York
State of North Carolina Carolina Utara /ˌnɔrɵˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə/ NC 178911211789-11-21 08,856,505 Raleigh Charlotte
State of North Dakota North Dakota /ˌnɔrɵdəˈkoʊtə/ ND 188911021889-11-02 00,635,867 Bismarck Fargo
State of Ohio Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ OH 180303011803-03-01 11,478,006 Columbus Columbus[10]
State of Oklahoma Oklahoma /ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ OK 190711161907-11-16 03,579,212 Oklahoma City Oklahoma City
State of Oregon Oregon /ˈɒrɪgən/ OR 185902141859-02-14 03,700,758 Salem Portland
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪnjə/ PA 178712121787-12-12 12,440,621 Harrisburg Philadelphia
State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Pulau Rhode /roʊdˈʔaɪlənd/ RI 179005291790-05-29 01,067,610 Providence Providence
State of South Carolina Carolina Selatan /ˌsɑʊɵkɛrəˈlaɪnə/ SC 178805231788-05-23 04,321,249 Columbia Columbia[11]
State of South Dakota Dakota Selatan /ˌsɑʊɵdəˈkoʊtə/ SD 188911021889-11-02 00,781,919 Pierre Sioux Falls
State of Tennessee Tennessee /ˌtɛnɪˈsiː/ TN 179606011796-06-01 06,038,803 Nashville Memphis[12]
State of Texas Texas /ˈtɛksəs/ TX 184512291845-12-29 23,507,783 Austin Houston[13]
State of Utah Utah /ˈjuːtɔː/ UT 189601041896-01-04 02,550,063 Bandar Tasik Garam Bandar Tasik Garam
State of Vermont Vermont /vɚˈmɒnt/ VT 179103041791-03-04 00,623,908 Montpelier Burlington
Commonwealth of Virginia Virginia /vɚˈdʒɪnjə/ VA 178806251788-06-25 07,642,884 Richmond Virginia Beach[14]
State of Washington Washington /ˈwɒʃɪŋtən/ WA 188911111889-11-11 06,395,798 Olympia Seattle
State of West Virginia Virginia Barat /ˌwɛstvɚˈdʒɪnjə/ WV 186306201863-06-20 01,818,470 Charleston Charleston
State of Wisconsin Wisconsin /wɪsˈkɒnsɪn/ WI 184805291848-05-29 05,556,506 Madison Milwaukee
State of Wyoming Wyoming /waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ WY 189007101890-07-10 00,515,004 Cheyenne Cheyenne

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ "Official USPS Abbreviations" (HTML). United States Postal Service. 1998. Dicapai pada 2007-02-26.
  2. ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States and States, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (CSV). 2006 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2006-12-22. Dicapai pada 2007-07-01. Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  3. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Population for All Incorporated Places: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (HTML). 2006 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2007-06-28. Dicapai pada 2007-07-01. Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  4. ^ The Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic Combined Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Connecticut.
  5. ^ The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Florida.
  6. ^ Baltimore City and the 12 Maryland counties of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia Combined Statistical Area form the most populous metropolitan region in Maryland.
  7. ^ The City of Saint Louis and the 8 Missouri counties of the St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington Combined Statistical Area form the most populous metropolitan region in Missouri.
  8. ^ The 5 southeastern New Hampshire counties of the Boston-Worcester-Manchester Combined Statistical Area form the most populous metropolitan region in New Hampshire.
  9. ^ The 13 northern New Jersey counties of the New York-Newark-Bridgeport Combined Statistical Area form the most populous metropolitan region in New Jersey.
  10. ^ The Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Ohio.
  11. ^ The Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Combined Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan area in South Carolina.
  12. ^ The Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Columbia Combined Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Tennessee.
  13. ^ The Dallas-Fort Worth Combined Statistical Area is the most populous metropolitan area in Texas.
  14. ^ The 10 Virginia counties and 6 Virginia cities of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia Combined Statistical Area form the most populous metropolitan region in Virginia.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]


Templat:North America administrative divisions