Orang Kurdi: Perbezaan antara semakan

Kurdish
	Salahuddin • Ahmad Xani • Sherefxan Bitlisi • Feleknas Uca • Jalal Talabani
Jumlah penduduk
	30 - 35 juta
Kawasan ramai penduduk
Turki	11.4 hingga 17.5 juta,
Iran	4.8 hingga 7 juta
Iraq	4 hingga 6.5 juta
Syria	1.6 juta
Afghanistan	200,000
Azerbaijan	150,000
Israel	100,000
Jerman	500,000 -800,000
Perancis	120,000
United Kingdom	100,000
Bahasa
	Kurdish; Dalam bentuk yang berbeza: Sorani, Kurmanji dan Fayli dialek bahagian selatan
Agama
	Majoriti Sunnah Islam; juga beberapa Syiah, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Kristian
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan
	lain-lain orang Iran; (Talysh · Baluch · Gilak · Lurs · Parsi)

Layar sejarah secara interaktif

← Suntingan sebelumnya Suntingan berikutnya →

Kandungan dihapus Kandungan ditambah

VisualWikiteks

Dalam baris

Semakan pada 04:13, 22 Januari 2017

Orang Kurdish merupakan satu etnik yang menganggap diri mereka sebagai penduduk asli satu wilayah yang sering dirujuk sebagai Kurdistan, iaitu satu wilayah yang meliputi sebahagian Iran, Iraq, Syria dan Turki. Penduduk Kurdish juga dapat ditemui di Lebanon, Armenia, Azerbaijan dan sejak beberapa dekad lepas, di beberapa negara Eropah serta Amerika Syarikat. Kaum Kurdish ini memiliki hubungan yang rapat dengan orang Iran. Mereka menggunakan bahasa Kurdish, satu cabang bahasa India-Eropah daripada cabang bahasa Iran.

Berdasarkan sejarah, bangsa Kurdish tidak pernah berhenti daripada memperjuangkan kemerdekaannya, dan kerana sebab ini telah berperang melawan Sumeria, Asyur, Parsi, Mongolia, Tentera Salib Eropah serta Turki. Dengan jumlah penduduk dianggarkan seramai 30 juta orang, kaum Kurdish merupakan salah satu kelompok etnik terbesar di dunia yang tidak memiliki negara-bangsa sendiri. Pada abad ke-20, Turki, Iran dan Iraq telah menghapuskan siri-siri pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh kaum Kurdish.

Rujukan

^ Konda Poll gives a figure of about 11.4 million, s.v. [1]
^ CIA World Factbook gives about 15.3 million (20% Kurds out of 76.8 million total population) (2008 est.)
^ Juvenile Nonfiction, “ The Handbook of Middle East ”, Publisher: 21st Century, 2002. pg 144:”About 20 percent of Turkey ’s population is Kurdish.”
^ Kemal Kirisci, Gareth M. Winrow, “The Kurdish Question and Turkey ”, Routledge, 1997. pg 119: “According to Turgut Ozal there were 12 million Kurds in Turkey . .. Van Bruissen has argued that a ‘reasonable and even conservative’ estimate for the size of Kurdish population in 1975 was 7.5 millions, which amounts to 19 percent of the population”
^ Sandra Mackey , “The reckoning: Iraq and the legacy of Saddam”, W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Excerpt from pg 350: “As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish.”
^ ^a ^b ^c “Beverley Milton-Edwards, “Contemporary politics in the Middle East” Polity, 2006. pg 231: “They form a population in all four states, making 23 percent in Turkey, 23 percent in Iraq, 10 percent in Iran and 8 percent in Syria (Mcdowell, 2003, p 3-4).”
^ Estimate based on 7% of 68,688,433: World Factbook, s.v. Iran;
^ Estimate based on 15% to 20% of 26,783,383: World Factbook, s.v. Iraq; Encyclopedia of the Orient, s.v. Iraq: Religions and Peoples.
^ http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm
^ ^a ^b ^c The Kurdish Diaspora, Institut Kurde de Paris (Paris: Institut Kurde de Paris, 2006), http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/.
^ Lokman I. Meho, The Kurds and Kurdistan: A General Background, in Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography. Comp. Lokman I. Meho & Kelly Maglaughlin (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), p. 4, viewable on Google Books
^ ^a ^b Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama coucileu
^ Kurds in the UK, BBC News 9 December 2008

Pautan luar

Lawk Salih, Perkembangan terkini kemajuan ekonomi Kurdistan dan KRG.
Kurds and Kurdistan, Encyclopaedia of Islam.
Kurds, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Kurd, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
The Kurds: People without a country, Encyclopaedia Britannica.
The Kurdish Institute of Paris Bahasa, sejarah, buku-buku dan rencana berita terkini Kurdi.
The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan
Istanbul Kurdish Institute
The Kurdish Center of International Pen
Kurdish Library, disokong oleh Kerajaan Swedish.
Yazidism: Historical Roots, International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Januari 2005.
Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds
The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary oleh Zurab Aloian
"The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website

Isu-isu Kurdish di Turki

[1] Konda Poll gives a figure of about 11.4 million, s.v. [1]

[ciaturkey-2] CIA World Factbook gives about 15.3 million (20% Kurds out of 76.8 million total population) (2008 est.)

[3] Juvenile Nonfiction, “ The Handbook of Middle East ”, Publisher: 21st Century, 2002. pg 144:”About 20 percent of Turkey ’s population is Kurdish.”

[4] Kemal Kirisci, Gareth M. Winrow, “The Kurdish Question and Turkey ”, Routledge, 1997. pg 119: “According to Turgut Ozal there were 12 million Kurds in Turkey . .. Van Bruissen has argued that a ‘reasonable and even conservative’ estimate for the size of Kurdish population in 1975 was 7.5 millions, which amounts to 19 percent of the population”

[5] Sandra Mackey , “The reckoning: Iraq and the legacy of Saddam”, W.W. Norton and Company, 2002. Excerpt from pg 350: “As much as 25% of Turkey is Kurdish.”

[Beverley-6] “Beverley Milton-Edwards, “Contemporary politics in the Middle East” Polity, 2006. pg 231: “They form a population in all four states, making 23 percent in Turkey, 23 percent in Iraq, 10 percent in Iran and 8 percent in Syria (Mcdowell, 2003, p 3-4).”

[7] Estimate based on 7% of 68,688,433: World Factbook, s.v. Iran;

[8] Estimate based on 15% to 20% of 26,783,383: World Factbook, s.v. Iraq; Encyclopedia of the Orient, s.v. Iraq: Religions and Peoples.

[9] ttp://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm

[kurdorama-10] The Kurdish Diaspora, Institut Kurde de Paris (Paris: Institut Kurde de Paris, 2006), http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/.

[11] Lokman I. Meho, The Kurds and Kurdistan: A General Background, in Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography. Comp. Lokman I. Meho & Kelly Maglaughlin (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), p. 4, viewable on Google Books

[coucileu-12] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama coucileu

[13] Kurds in the UK, BBC News 9 December 2008

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

@@ Baris 2: / Baris 2: @@
 |group = Kurdish
 |image = <div bgcolor="black">[[Fail:ჩობან აღა.png|58px]][[Fail:Feleknas Uca.jpg|58px]][[Fail:Jalal Talabani.jpg|58px]] </div><!--Only freely licensed or public domain images may be used in decorations-->
-|caption = <small> [[Saladin]]&nbsp;• [[Ahmad Xani]]&nbsp;• [[Sherefxan Bitlisi]]&nbsp;• [[Feleknas Uca]]&nbsp;• [[Jalal Talabani]]</small>
+|caption = <small> [[Saladin|Salahuddin]]&nbsp;• [[Ahmad Xani]]&nbsp;• [[Sherefxan Bitlisi]]&nbsp;• [[Feleknas Uca]]&nbsp;• [[Jalal Talabani]]</small>
 |pop = 30 - 35 juta
 |region1 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''[[Asia]]'''</div>
@@ Baris 27: / Baris 27: @@
 |pop10 = 100,000
 |ref10 = <ref>Lokman I. Meho, <!--[http://www.slis.indiana.edu/faculty/meho/meho-bibliography-2001.pdf DEAD LINK--> ''The Kurds and Kurdistan: A General Background'', in <cite>Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography</cite>. Comp. Lokman I. Meho & Kelly Maglaughlin (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), p. 4, [http://books.google.com/books?id=sl4PIeyWriUC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22The+Kurds+and+Kurdistan:+A+General+Background%22&source=bl&ots=bi-xN5Xwcd&sig=jxTkV_bhnEkpbxL2uRSZEIpp1c0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA4,M1 viewable on Google Books]</ref>
-|region16 = <div style="line-height:0.75em">&nbsp;</div>
 |region16 = <div style="font-size:115%">'''[[Eropah]]'''</div>
 |region17 = {{spaces|2}}{{flagcountry|Jerman}}
@@ Baris 44: / Baris 43: @@
 [[Fail:Kurdish-inhabited area by CIA (1992).jpg|thumb|300px|Daerah yang menggunakan bahasa Kurdi (warna terang)]]
-'''Orang Kurdish''' merupakan satu [[etnik]] yang menganggap diri mereka sebagai [[penduduk asli]] satu wilayah yang sering dirujuk sebagai [[Kurdistan]], iaitu satu wilayah yang meliputi sebahagian [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]] dan [[Turki]]. Penduduk Kurdish juga dapat ditemui di [[Lebanon]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]] dan sejak beberapa dekad lepas, di beberapa negara [[Eropah]] serta [[Amerika Syarikat]]. Kaum Kurdish ini memiliki hubungan yang rapat dengan [[orang Iran]]. Mereka menggunakan [[bahasa Kurdish]], satu cabang [[bahasa India-Eropah]] dari cabang [[bahasa Iran]].
+'''Orang Kurdish''' merupakan satu [[etnik]] yang menganggap diri mereka sebagai [[penduduk asli]] satu wilayah yang sering dirujuk sebagai [[Kurdistan]], iaitu satu wilayah yang meliputi sebahagian [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Syria]] dan [[Turki]]. Penduduk Kurdish juga dapat ditemui di [[Lebanon]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]] dan sejak beberapa dekad lepas, di beberapa negara [[Eropah]] serta [[Amerika Syarikat]]. Kaum Kurdish ini memiliki hubungan yang rapat dengan [[orang Iran]]. Mereka menggunakan [[bahasa Kurdish]], satu cabang [[bahasa India-Eropah]] daripada cabang [[bahasa Iran]].
 Berdasarkan sejarah, bangsa Kurdish tidak pernah berhenti daripada memperjuangkan kemerdekaannya, dan kerana sebab ini telah berperang melawan [[Sumeria]], [[Asyur]], [[Parsi]], [[Mongolia]], [[Tentera Salib]] [[Eropah]] serta Turki. Dengan jumlah penduduk dianggarkan seramai 30 juta orang, kaum Kurdish merupakan salah satu kelompok etnik terbesar di dunia yang tidak memiliki [[negara-bangsa]] sendiri. Pada abad ke-20, Turki, Iran dan Iraq telah menghapuskan siri-siri pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh kaum Kurdish.
@@ Baris 52: / Baris 51: @@
 == Pautan luar ==
-* [http://www.lawksalih.com/ Lawk Salih], Latest development of the economic progress of Kurdistan and KRG.
+* [http://www.lawksalih.com/ Lawk Salih], Perkembangan terkini kemajuan ekonomi Kurdistan dan KRG.
 * [http://www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/C4/COM-0544.html Kurds and Kurdistan], Encyclopaedia of Islam.
 * [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9275335 Kurds], Encyclopaedia Britannica.
 * [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9046466 Kurd], Encyclopaedia Britannica.
 * [http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/3_timeline_print.html The Kurds: People without a country], Encyclopaedia Britannica.
-* [http://www.institutkurde.org/ The Kurdish Institute of Paris] Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
+* [http://www.institutkurde.org/ The Kurdish Institute of Paris] Bahasa, sejarah, buku-buku dan rencana berita terkini Kurdi.
 * [http://www.kurdistanica.com/ The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan]
 * [http://www.enstituyakurdi.org/index.php?newlang=english Istanbul Kurdish Institute]
 * [http://www.pen-kurd.org/index-en.html The Kurdish Center of International Pen]
-* [http://www.kurdishlibrary.org Kurdish Library], supported by the [[Sweden|Swedish]] Government.
+* [http://www.kurdishlibrary.org Kurdish Library], disokong oleh Kerajaan [[Sweden|Swedish]].
-* [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SBL/is_1-2_19/ai_n15954362/pg_2 Yazidism: Historical Roots], International Journal of Kurdish Studies, January 2005.
+* [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SBL/is_1-2_19/ai_n15954362/pg_2 Yazidism: Historical Roots], International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Januari 2005.
 * [http://www.jafi.org.il/education/actual/iraq/4.html/ Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds]
-* [http://www.transoxiana.org/0109/aloian-kurds_ottoman_hungary.html The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary] by Zurab Aloian
+* [http://www.transoxiana.org/0109/aloian-kurds_ottoman_hungary.html The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary] oleh Zurab Aloian
 * [http://theotheriraq.com/ "The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website]