Mitologi Yunani

Patung Zeus di Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican)

Plak dengan nombor-nombor upacara keagamaan daripada Misteri Eleusius -Muzium Arkeologi Kebangsaan, Athèns

'Mitologi Greek' adalah satu mitos dan legenda yang kepunyaan Yunani purba mengenai dewa dan pahlawan mereka, sifat dunia, dan asal-usul dan makna kultus dan upacara amalan keagamaan. Mitologi adalah sebahagian daripada agama dalam Yunani purba. Sarjana moden merujuk pada mitos-mitos dan mempelajarinya dalam usaha untuk menyoroti institusi keagamaan dan politik Yunani purba, peradabannya, dan untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang sifat kewujudan mitos itu sendiri.

Mitologi Yunani terwujud secara jelas dalam koleksi besar karangan tetapi tersirat dalam hasil seni, seperti lukisan pasu dan hadiah nazar. Mitos Yunani menjelaskan asal-usul dunia dan butiran kehidupan serta pengembaraan pelbagai dewa, dewi, pahlawan, wirawati, dan makhluk mitos. Hal ini awalnya disebarkan secara lisan; hari ini mitos Yunani amat dikenali terutama daripada sastera Yunani.

Sumber sastera Yunani tertua yang diketahui, puisi epik Illiad dan Odyssey, yang memfokus pada peristiwa-peristiwa sekitar Perang Trojan. Dua puisi oleh Homer ini menyerupai karya kontemporari Hesiod, Theogony dan Pekerjaan dan Hari, yang mengandungi pernyataan tentang asal-usul dunia, kejayaan dewa-dewi, kejayaan zaman manusia, asal-usul kesengsaraan manusia, dan asal-usul amalan korban. Terdapat juga mitos yang tersimpan dalam Nyanyian Rohani Homer, dalam pecahan-pecahan puisi epik dari Epic Cycle, melalui lirik puisi, dalam karya-karya Tragedy dari abad kelima SM, dalam tulisan-tulisan para cendiakawan dan penyair dari zaman Hellenistik dan dalam teks-teks dari zaman Empayar Rom oleh para penulis seperti Plutarch dan Pausanias.

Penemuan arkeologi menyediakan sumber utama perincian tentang mitologi Yunani, dengan dewa-dewa dan pahlawan menonjol dalam hiasan pelbagai artifak. Rekaan geometri pada tembikar dari abad kelapan SM menggambarkan adegan perang Trojan serta pengembaraan Heracles. Ketika melepasi zaman Archaic, Klasik, dan Hellenistik, Homer dan pelbagai adegan mitologi muncul, melengkapi bukti sastera yang ada.

Mitologi Yunani telah diberikan pengaruh yang luas terhadap budaya, seni, dan sastera tamadun Barat dan tetap menjadi sebahagian daripada warisan budaya dan bahasa Barat. Penyair dan seniman dari zaman dahulu hingga sekarang telah mewariskan inspirasi daripada mitologi Yunani dan telah menemui erti dan kesesuaian kontemporari dalam tema-tema mitologi.

Rujukan

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Rencana bertutur lagi

Sumber primer (Yunani dan Rom)

• Aeschylus, The Persians. See original text in Perseus program.
• Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound. See original text in Perseus program.
• Apollodorus, Library and Epitome. See original text in Perseus program.
• Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica, Book I. See original text in Sacred Texts.
• Cicero, De Divinatione. See original text in the Latin Library.
• Cicero, Tusculanae resons. See original text in the Latin Library.
• Herodotus, The Histories, I. See original text in the Sacred Texts.
• Hesiod, Works and Days. Translated into English by Hugh G. Evelyn-White.
• Templat:Cite wikisource
• Homer, Iliad. See original text in Perseus program.
• Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite. Translated into English by Gregory Nagy.
• Homeric Hymn to Demeter. See original text in Perseus project.
• Homeric Hymn to Hermes. See the English translation in the Online Medieval and Classical Library.
• Ovid, Metamorphoses. See original text in the Latin Library.
• Pausanias.
• Pindar, Pythian Odes, Pythian 4: For Arcesilas of Cyrene Chariot Race 462 BC. See original text in the Perseus program.
• Plato, Apology. See original text in Perseus program.
• Plato, Theaetetus. See original text in Perseus program.

Sumber sekunder

• Ackerman, Robert (1991—Reprint edition). bab: “Introduction”, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion by Jane Ellen Harrison, Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01514-7.
• Albala Ken G, Johnson Claudia Durst, Johnson Vernon E. (2000). bab: “Origin of Mythology”, Understanding the Odyssey, Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-41107-9.
• Algra, Keimpe (1999). bab: “The Beginnings of Cosmology”, The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44667-8.
• Allen, Douglas (1978). bab: “Early Methological Approaches”, Structure & Creativity in Religion: Hermeneutics in Mircea Eliade's Phenomenology and New Directions, Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 90-279-7594-9.
• "Argonaut". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• Betegh, Gábor (2004). bab: “The Interpretation of the poet”, The Derveni Papyrus, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80108-7.
• Bonnefoy, Yves (1992). bab: “Kinship Structures in Greek Heroic Dynasty”, Greek and Egyptian Mythologies, University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-06454-9.
• Bulfinch, Thomas (2003). bab: “Greek Mythology and Homer”, Bulfinch's Greek and Roman Mythology, Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30881-0.
• Burkert, Walter (2002). bab: “Prehistory and the Minoan Mycenaen Era”, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical (translated by John Raffan), Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-15624-0.
• Burn, Lucilla (1990). Greek Myths, University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-72748-8.
• Bushnell, Rebecca W. (2005). bab: “Helicocentric Stoicism in the Saturnalia: The Egyptian Apollo”, Medieval A Companion to Tragedy, Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-0735-9.
• Chance, Jane (1994). bab: “Helicocentric Stoicism in the Saturnalia: The Egyptian Apollo”, Medieval Mythography, University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1256-2.
• Caldwell, Richard (1990). bab: “The Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Greek Myth”, Approaches to Greek Myth, Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-3864-9.
• Calimach, Andrew (2002). bab: “The Cultural Background”, Lovers' Legends: The Gay Greek Myths, Haiduk Press. ISBN 0-9714686-0-5.
• Cartledge, Paul A. (2002). bab: “Inventing the Past: History v. Myth”, The Greeks, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280388-3.
• Cartledge, Paul A. (2004). The Spartans (translated in Greek), Livanis. ISBN 960-14-0843-6.
• Cashford, Jules (2003). bab: “Introduction”, The Homeric Hymns, Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-043782-7.
• Dowden, Ken (1992). bab: “Myth and Mythology”, The Uses of Greek Mythology, Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-415-06135-0.
• Dunlop, John (1842). bab: “Romances of Chivalry”, The History of Fiction, Carey and Hart.
• Edmunds, Lowell (1980). bab: “Comparative Approaches”, Approaches to Greek Myth, Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-3864-9.
• "Euhemerus". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• Foley, John Miles (1999). bab: “Homeric and South Slavic Epic”, Homer's Traditional Art, Penn State Press. ISBN 0-271-01870-4.
• Gale, Monica R. (1994). bab: “The Cultural Background”, Myth and Poetry in Lucretius, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-45135-3.
• "Greek Mythology". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• "Greek Religion". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• Griffin, Jasper (1986). bab: “Greek Myth and Hesiod”, The Oxford Illustrated History of Greece and the Hellenistic World edited by John Boardman, Jasper Griffin and Oswyn Murray, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285438-0.
• Grimal, Pierre (1986). bab: “Argonauts”, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-20102-5.
• Hacklin, Joseph (1994). bab: “The Mythology of Persia”, Asiatic Mythology, Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0920-4.
• Hanson Victor Davis, Heath John (1999). Who Killed Homer (translated in Greek by Rena Karakatsani), Kaktos. ISBN 960-352-545-6.
• Hard, Robin (2003). bab: “Sources of Greek Myth”, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek mythology", Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-415-18636-6.

Templat:Middle

• "Heracles". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• Jung Carl Gustav, Kerényi Karl (2001—Reprint edition). bab: “Prolegomena”, Essays on a Science of Mythology, Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01756-5.
• Jung, C.J. (2002). bab: “Troy in Latin and French Joseph of Exeter's "Ylias" and Benoît de Sainte-Maure's "Roman de Troie"”, Science of Mythology, Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-415-26742-0.
• Kelly, Douglas (2003). bab: “Sources of Greek Myth”, An Outline of Greek and Roman Mythology, Douglas Kelly. ISBN 0-415-18636-6.
• Kelsey, Francis W. (1889). A Handbook of Greek Mythology, Allyn and Bacon.
• Kirk, Geoffrey Stephen (1973). bab: “The Thematic Simplicity of the Myths”, Myth: Its Meaning and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures, University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02389-7.
• Kirk, Geoffrey Stephen (1974). The Nature of Greek Myths, Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 0140217835.
• Klatt J. Mary, Brazouski Antoinette (1994). bab: “Preface”, Children's Books on Ancient Greek and Roman Mythology: An Annotated Bibliography, Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-28973-5.
• Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. (1981–1999). Artemis-Verlag. 
• Miles, Geoffrey (1999). bab: “The Myth-kitty”, Classical Mythology in English Literature: A Critical Anthology, University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-415-14754-9.
• Morris, Ian (2000). Archaeology As Cultural History, Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-19602-1.
• "myth". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• Nagy, Gregory (1992). bab: “The Hellenization of the Indo-European Poetics”, Greek Mythology and Poetics, Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8048-5.
• Nilsson, Martin P. (1940). bab: “The Religion of Eleusis”, Greek Popular Religion, Columbia University Press.
• North John A., Beard Mary, Price Simon R.F. (1998). bab: “The Religions of Imperial Rome”, Classical Mythology in English Literature: A Critical Anthology, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-31682-0.
• Papadopoulou, Thalia (2005). bab: “Introduction”, Heracles and Euripidean Tragedy, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85126-2.
• Percy, William Armostrong III (1999). bab: “The Institutionalization of Pederasty”, Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece, Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-252-06740-1.
• Poleman, Horace I. (March 1943). "Review of "Ouranos-Varuna. Etude de mythologie comparee indo-europeenne by Georges Dumezil"". "Journal of the American Oriental Society" (American Oriental Society) 63 (1): 78–79. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-0279(194303)63%3A1%3C78%3AOEDMCI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T. 
• Reinhold, Meyer (October 20, 1970). "The Generation Gap in Antiquity". "Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" (American Philosophical Society) 114 (5): 347–365. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-049X(19701020)114%3A5%3C347%3ATGGIA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I. 
• Rose, Herbert Jennings (1991). A Handbook of Greek Mythology, Routledge (UK). ISBN 0-415-04601-7.
• Segal, Robert A. (1991). bab: “A Greek Eternal Child”, Myth and the Polis edited by Dora Carlisky Pozzi, John Moore Wickersham, Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2473-9.
• Segal, Robert A. (April 4, 1990). "The Romantic Appeal of Joseph Campbell". "Christian Century" (Christian Century Foundation). http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=766. 
• Segal, Robert A. (1999). bab: “Jung on Mythology”, Theorizing about Myth, Univ of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 1-55849-191-0.
• Stoll, Heinrich Wilhelm (translated by R. B. Paul) (1852). Handbook of the religion and mythology of the Greeks, Francis and John Rivington.
• Trobe, Kala (2001). bab: “Dionysus”, Invoke the Gods, Llewellyn Worldwide. ISBN 0-7387-0096-7.
• "Trojan War". Encyclopaedia The Helios. (1952). 
• "Troy". Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2002). 
• "Volume: Hellas, Article: Greek Mythology". Encyclopaedia The Helios. (1952). 
• Walsh, Patrick Gerald (1998). bab: “Liberating Appearance in Mythic Content”, The Nature of the Gods, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-282511-9.
• Weaver, John B. (1998). bab: “Introduction”, The Plots of Epiphany, Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-018266-1.
• Winterbourne, Anthony (2004). bab: “Spinning and Weaving Fate”, When the Norns Have Spoken, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 0-8386-4048-6.
• Wood, Michael (1998). bab: “The Coming of the Greeks”, In Search of the Trojan War, University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21599-0.

Bacaan lanjut

• Gantz, Timothy (1993). Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, John Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-4410-X.
• Graves, Robert (1955—Cmb/Rep edition 1993). The Greek Myths, Penguin (Non-Classics). ISBN 0-14-017199-1.
• Hamilton, Edith (1942—New edition 1998). Mythology, Back Bay Books. ISBN 0-316-34151-7.
• Kerenyi, Karl (1951—Reissue edition 1980). The Gods of the Greeks, Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27048-1.
• Kerenyi, Karl (1959—Reissue edition 1978). The Heroes of the Greeks, Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27049-X.
• Morford M.P.O., Lenardon L.J. (2006). Classical Mythology, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-530805-0.
• Ruck Carl, Staples Blaise Daniel (1994). The World of Classical Myth, Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 0-89089-575-9.
• William Smith (1870), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.
• Veyne, Paul (1988). Did the Greeks Believe in Their Myths? An Essay on Constitutive Imagination, (translated by Paula Wissing), University of Chicago. ISBN 0-226-85434-5.
• Woodward, Roger D. (editor) (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology, Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521845203.

Pautan luar

Portal Mitologi

Portal Tamadun Klasik

• Hellenism.Net - Greek Mythology A collection of Greek mythological stories.
• Library of Classical Mythology Texts translations of works of classical literature
• Timeless Myths: Classical Mythology provides information and tales from classical literature.
• LIMC-France provides databases dedicated to graeco-roman mythology and its iconography.
• Theoi Project, Guide to Greek Mythology biographies of characters from myth with quotes from original sources and images from classical art