Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan (lahir pada 1480 – 27 April 1521; bahasa Portugis: Fernão de Magalhães; Bahasa Sepanyol: Fernando de Magallanes) merupakan bangsa Portugis , ahli pelayaran terkemuka bagi Sepanyol. Dia merupakan orang Eropah pertama yang berlayar ke arah barat untuk sampai ke Asia Tenggara, orang Eropah pertama belayar merentasi Lautan Pasifik, dan pertama mengetuai ekspedisi bertujuan mengelilingi dunia. Walaupun Magellan sendiri mati di pulau Cebu, Filipina sebelum kembali ke Eropah, sebahagian angkatan kapal dan anak kapalnya yang diuruskan dan dipandunya separuh perjalanan berjaya sampai kembali pada tahun 1522, selepas mengelilingi dunia.

Bacaan lanjut

Sumber utama

• Pigafetta, Antonio (1906). Magellan's Voyage around the World. Arthur A. Clark.  (orig. Primer viaje en torno del globo Retrieved on 2009-04-08)
• Nowell, Charles E. ed. (1962). Magellan's Voyage around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. Evanston: NU Press. 
• The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan, full text, English translation by Lord Stanley of Alderley, London: Hakluyt, [1874] – six contemporary accounts of his voyage

Sumber kedua

• Bergreen, Laurence (14 October 2003). Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. William Morrow. ISBN 9780066211732, ISBN 0-06-093638-X. Ringkasan orang biasa. 
• Cliffe, Edward (1885). Hakluyt, Richard. ed. "The voyage of M. John Winter into the South sea by the Streight of Magellan, in consort with M. Francis Drake, begun in the yeere 1577". The principal navigations, voyages, traffiques and discoveries of the English nation (Edinburgh, Scotland: E. & G. Goldsmid). 
• Drake, Francis (1628 2001). The world encompassed by Sir Francis Drake: being his next voyage to that to Nombre de Dios Elibron, Classics series, Issue 16 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 1402195672. http://books.google.com/books?id=kKoWqdtWZE8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
• Guillemard, Francis Henry Hill (1890). The life of Ferdinand Magellan, and the first circumnavigation of the globe, 1480-1521. G. Philip. http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofferdinandm00guil. Capaian 2009-04-08. 
• Hildebrand, Arthur Sturges (1924). Magellan. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. ISBN 9781417914135 (reprint). 
• Joyner, Tim (1992). Magellan. Camden, Me.: International Marine Publishing. ISBN 9780070331280. 
• Noronha, Dom José Manoel de (1921). Imprensa da Universidade. ed (dalam Bahasa Portuguese). Algumas Observações sobre a Naturalidade e a Família de Fernão de Magalhães. Coimbra: Bibloteca Geneaologica de Losboa. http://www.bgl.org.pt/livro.php?&id=1383&. 
• Nunn, George E. (1932). The Columbus and Magellan Concepts of South American Geography. 
• Parr, Charles M. (1953). So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan. New York: Crowell. ISBN 0837185211, ISBN 0-8371-8521-1. 
• Parry, J. H. (1979). The Discovery of South America. New York: Taplinger. 
• Parry, J. H. (1981). The Discovery of the Sea. Berkley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520042360. 
• Parry, J. H. (1970). The Spanish Seaborne Empire. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0520071407. 
• Pérez-Mallaína, Pablo E. (1998). Spain's Men of the Sea: Daily Life on the Indies Fleets in the Sixteenth Century. trans. Carla Rahn Phillips. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9780801857461. Ringkasan orang biasa. 
• Roditi, Edouard (1972). Magellan of the Pacific. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0571089453. 
• Schurz, William L. (May 1922). "The Spanish Lake". Hispanic American Historical Review 5 (2): 181–194. 
• Stefoff, Rebecca (1990). Ferdinand Magellan and the Discovery of the World Ocean. Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 0-7910-1291-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=YEzOHAAACAAJ. 
• Suárez, Thomas (1999). Early mapping of Southeast Asia. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9789625934709. http://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7ZMAbv_jAC~postscript=.. 
• Thatcher, Oliver J. ed. (1907). "Vol. V: 9th to 16th Centuries". The Library of Original Sources. University Research Extension Co. m/s. 41–57. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1519magellan.html. Capaian 2009-04-08. 
• Wilford, John Noble (2000). The Mapmakers. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0375708502. Ringkasan orang biasa. 
• Zweig, Stefan (2007). Conqueror of the Seas - The Story of Magellan. READ BOOKS. ISBN 1406760064. http://books.google.com/books?id=tLoWg9mMh04C&lpg=PA37&dq=cannanore%201506&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=cannanore%201506&f=false. 

Sumber di talian

• Hogan, C. Michael (2008). N. Stromberg. ed. Magellanic Penguin. GlobalTwitcher.com. http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=232. 
• Swenson, Tait M. (2005). "First Circumnavigation of the Globe by Magellan 1519–1522". The Web Chronology project. November 2005. http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/WestEurope/Magellan.html. Capaian 2006-03-14. 

Pautan luar

• Magellan's untimely demise on Cebu in the Philippines from History House.
• EXPEDICIÓN MAGALLANES - JUAN SEBASTIAN ELCANO
• Encyclopaedia Britannica Ferdinand Magellan

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