Senarai Sultan Empayar Uthmaniyyah
Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
| Sultan Empayar Uthmaniyyah | |
|---|---|
| Bekas keberajaan | |
| Jata negara Uthmaniyyah | |
| Raja terakhir: Mehmed VI |
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| Raja pertama | Osman I |
| Raja terakhir | Mehmed VI |
| Gaya | Baginda Tuanku[a] |
| Kediaman rasmi | Istana-istana di Istanbul:
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| Pelantik | Hereditary |
| Keberajaan bermula | sekitar 1299 |
| Keberajaan tamat | 1 November 1922 |
| Penuntut terkini | Bayezid Osman |
Di bawah ini adalah daftar sultan yang memerintah di Empayar Uthmaniyyah sampai berdirinya Turki sekular.
Isi kandungan |
[sunting] Senarai Sultan
Dipecat (huruf gelap) → pemerintahan sultan tidak berakhir melalui kematian semulajadi
| # | Sultan | Portret | Pemerintahan sejak | Pemerintahan sehingga | Tughra | Nota |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Osman I (Bey) |
sekitar 1299 | sekitar 1324 | — [c] |
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| 2 | Orhan I (Bey) |
sekitar 1324 | sekitar 1361 | |||
| 3 | Murad I Hüdavendigar (Sultan sejak tahun 1383) |
sekitar 1360 | 1389 |
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| 4 | Bayezid I the Thunderbolt |
1389 | 1402 |
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| Kerajaan Peralihan Uthmaniyyah[d] (1402–1413) |
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| 5 | Mehmed I | 1413 | 1421 |
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| 6 | Murad II | 1421 | 1444 |
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| 7 | Mehmed II the Conqueror |
1444 | 1446 |
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| — | Murad II | 1446 | 3 February 1451 | |||
| — | Mehmed II si Penakluk |
3 February 1451 | 3 May 1481 |
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| 8 | Bayezid II | 19 May 1481 | 25 April 1512 |
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| 9 | Selim I si Serius (Khalifah bermula pada tahun 1517) |
25 April 1512 | 21 September 1520 |
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| 10 | Suleiman I si Mengagumkan atau the Lawgiver |
30 September 1520 | 6 atau 7 September 1566 |
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| 11 | Selim II the Sot |
29 September 1566 | 21 Disember 1574 |
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| 12 | Murad III | 22 Disember 1574 | 16 Januari 1595 |
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| 13 | Mehmed III | 27 Januari 1595 | 20 atau 21 Disember 1603 |
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| 14 | Ahmed I | 21 Disember 1603 | 22 November 1617 |
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| 15 | Mustafa I | 22 November 1617 | 26 February 1618 | |||
| 16 | Osman II | 26 Februari 1618 | 19 Mei 1622 |
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| — | Mustafa I | 20 Mei 1622 | 10 September 1623 | |||
| 17 | Murad IV | 10 September 1623 | 8 atau 9 Februari 1640 |
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| 18 | Ibrahim I | 9 Februari 1640 | 8 Ogos 1648 |
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| 19 | Mehmed IV | 8 Ogos 1648 | 8 November 1687 |
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| 20 | Suleiman II | 8 November 1687 | 22 Jun 1691 |
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| 21 | Ahmed II | 22 Jun 1691 | 6 Februari 1695 |
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| 22 | Mustafa II | 6 Februari 1695 | 22 Ogos 1703 |
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| 23 | Ahmed III | 22 Ogos 1703 | 1 atau 2 Oktober 1730 |
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| 24 | Mahmud I | 2 Oktober 1730 | 13 Disember 1754 |
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| 25 | Osman III | 13 Disember 1754 | 29 atau 30 Oktober 1757 |
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| 26 | Mustafa III | 30 Oktober 1757 | 21 Januari 1774 |
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| 27 | Abdülhamid I | 21 Januari 1774 | 6 atau 7 April 1789 |
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| 28 | Selim III | 7 April 1789 | 29 Mei 1807 |
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| 29 | Mustafa IV | 29 Mei 1807 | 28 Julai 1808 |
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| 30 | Mahmud II | 28 Julai 1808 | 1 Julai 1839 |
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| 31 | Abdülmecid I | 1 Julai 1839 | 25 Jun 1861 |
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| 32 | Abdülaziz I | 25 Jun 1861 | 30 Mei 1876 |
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| 33 | Murad V | 30 Mei 1876 | 31 Ogos 1876 |
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| 34 | Abdülhamid II The Great Khan |
31 Ogos 1876 | 27 April 1909 |
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| 35 | Mehmed V | 27 April 1909 | 3 Julai 1918 |
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| 36 | Mehmed VI | 4 Julai 1918 | 1 November 1922 |
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| Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire[e] (1922–1923) |
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| — | Abdülmecid II (Khalifah sahaja) |
18 November 1922 | 3 Mac 1924 | — [c] |
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[sunting] Rujukan
- ↑ "Sultan Osman Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFBB4CD394874238F9. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan Orhan Gazi". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF31C7A21930E7131C. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan Murad Hüdavendigar Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF84BE542EF5DE616A. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan Yıldırım Beyezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFA6B896F16D985D5D. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan Mehmed Çelebi Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF34B8FF67F6C5B31A. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF20FF3F96B01BD67B. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Chronology: Sultan II. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3136407999D5EC50F89B6BCD2C330978646. Capaian 2009-04-07.
- ↑ "Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF53E7C3A27F032B06. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ Kafadar 1996, p. xix
- ↑ "Chronology: Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF8CF4BCAC4E99512E. Capaian 2010-07-15.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Bayezid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF7AA0FE099CA14481. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Yavuz Sultan Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF12460496EB6D6255. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF2AE88F745E500DEF. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF13A7BCEBE7AACE8E. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan III. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF3D203AAAB91E0915. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan III. Mehmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF64C4AADAD7425476. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan I. Ahmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF592DC0A84F0F0B22. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Sultan I. Mustafa". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF712003DA70BD0AB5. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFC7D510DFD423D9CA. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan IV. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF65EEFD1584C88A42. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan İbrahim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF3765F020A27124F8. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan IV. Mehmed". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFD9F59B9E0EA80610. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Süleyman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFE847D7E258FE1EFB. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF63739B4BDC036722. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF4210F2141CE3DF0E. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan III. Ahmed Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF80427305DE490274. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan I. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF3647010FE3D42BA1. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan III. Osman Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF12FDA3BC6C07BFB6. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan III. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF53CDC73477F4D04D. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan I. Abdülhamit Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFA7C2563442DA77E3. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan III. Selim Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFD66033042BB56AC7. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan IV. Mustafa Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF6B1EAE8878B0E38D. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Mahmud Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture dan Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF3E25556277459A0C. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan Abdülmecid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FFB8229EA01286E253. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan Abdülaziz Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF02887D8ABC12653B. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan V. Murad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF133DF7E081CE0541. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan II. Abdülhamid Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF47B708868ACC0564. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan V. Mehmed Reşad Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF181C1E909B6AD5ED. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ "Sultan VI. Mehmed Vahdettin Han". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A79D6F5E6C1B43FF63A3ECD73B1F991E. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- ↑ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 13
- ↑ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 17
- ↑ As̜iroğlu 1992, p. 14
[sunting] Bibliografi
- As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid, Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (dalam bahasa Turkish), Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 9789757645177.
- Duran, Tülay (1999). Padişah Portreleri (Portraits of the Ottoman Empire's Sultans) (dalam bahasa Turkish), Sirkeci: Association of Historical Research and Istanbul Research Centre. ISBN 9789756926079.
- Findley, Carter V. (2005). The Turks in World History, New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195177268. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-29.
- Glazer, Steven A. [Research completed January 1995] (1996). bab: “Chapter 1: Historical Setting”, A Country Study: Turkey, edisi 5th, Country Studies, Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 9780844408644. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-22.
- Kafadar, Cemal (1996). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520206007. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-18.
- Karateke, Hakan T. (2005). bab: “Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century”, Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb, London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850437574. URL dicapai pada 2009-05-02.
- d'Osman Han, Nadine Sultana (2001). The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han, Foreword by Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar, Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. URL dicapai pada 2009-05-02.
- Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195086775. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-19.
- Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922, edisi 2nd, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521839105. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-18.
- Stavrides, Theoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474), Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004121065. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-18.
- Sugar, Peter F. (1993). Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804, edisi 3rd, Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295960333. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-18.
- Toprak, Binnaz (1981). Islam and Political Development in Turkey, Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004064713. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-19.
- Uğur, Ali (2007). Blue Imperialism (dalam bahasa Turkish), Istanbul: Çatı Publishing. ISBN 9758845873. URL dicapai pada 2009-04-19.
- Toynbee, Arnold J. (1974). bab: “The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History”, The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History, Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East, Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789004039452. URL dicapai pada 2009-05-02.
[sunting] Pautan luar
- "Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire". http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/engindex.html. Capaian 2009-02-06.
- "Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty". http://www.ottomanfamily.com/. Capaian 2009-02-06.
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— Kerabat diraja —
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| Gelaran Baru Empayar diasaskan |
Pemerintah Empayar Uthmaniyyah 1299–1922 |
Kesultanan dibubarkan Kuasa dipindahkan kepada Presiden Turki |
| Gelaran Sunnah Islam | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh Dinasti Abbasiyyah di Kaherah |
Peyandang khalifah 1517–1924 |
Khilafah dibubarkan Dituntut sekejap oleh Hussein bin Ali, Sharif Mekah |
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