Orang Gujarati

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Gujaratis
ગુજરાતી
Priti Patel wakil rakyat di UK mewakili parti Conservative Party
Jumlah penduduk
s. 50 million
Kawasan ramai penduduk
 India46,091,617[1]
 Amerika Syarikat500,000-1,500,000[2][3][4]
 Pakistan1,270,000[5]
 United Kingdom615,000[6]
 Tanzania395,000[7]
 Kenya285,000[8][9]
 Kanada118,950[10]
 Australia108,341[7]
 Emiriah Arab Bersatu100,000
 Madagaskar81,500
 Bangladesh60,000[10]
 Malawi53,000
 Myanmar47,000
 Afrika Selatan40,000
 Arab Saudi40,000
 Iran36,800[12]
 Oman34,900
 Zimbabwe33,000
 Malaysia31,500
 Portugal30,000
 Kuwait30,000
 Bahrain28,500
 New Zealand28,000[14]
 Mozambique27,500
 Fiji25,000
 Réunion23,000
 Uganda16,000
 Zambia14,000
 Burundi11,500
 Sri Lanka7,000 - 10,000
 Habsyah3,700
 Singapura3,200
 Mauritius2,100
 Belgium2,000
 Rwanda1,300
 Perancis1,000
 Maldives1,000
 Qatar1,000
 Botswana1,000
 Brazil1,000
  Switzerland1,000
 Denmark881
 Jerman700
 Thailand600
 Indonesia550-1,000
 Hong Kong500
 Poland200
 Turki118
 Itali107
 Sudan100
Bahasa
Native:
Bahasa Kedua:
Agama
Sebahagian Besar:
Hindu
Minoriti:
Kumpulan etnik berkaitan
Bangsa Indo-Aryan

Orang Gujarati atau Gujarati (Gujarati: ગુજરાતી) adalah sebuah kumpulan ethnolinguistic Indo-Aryan India yang secara tradisinya bercakap Bahasa Gujarat, bahasa Indo-Iran. Antara orang Gujarat yang terkenal adalah Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel Vallabhai, Morarji Desai, Sam Bahadur, Vikram Sarabhai, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Muhammed Ali Jinnah, Freddie Mercury, Azim Premji, Dhirubhai Ambani, Narendra Modi dan Jamsetji Tata. Orang Gujarati memainkan jasa yang besar dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan India dan merupakan pengasas doktrin Swaraj.[11][12][13]

Taburan Geografi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Walaupun dengan penghijrahan besar atas sebab-sebab ekonomi, sebahagian besar Orang Gujarat di India tinggal di negeri Gujarat di Barat India. Gujarat juga membentuk sebahagian besar daripada penduduk di wilayah kesatuan kecil Daman dan Diu, dan Dadra Nagar Haveli, kedua-duanya adalah bekas jajahan Portugis. Terdapat juga masyarakat Gujarati di bahagian-bahagian lain di India, terutama sekali di Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore dan kawasan metropolitan yang lain seperti Kollam dan Kochi di Kerala.Selain itu, kaum ini juga boleh didapati di Fiji, Singapura, UK, Malaysia, Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada.

Budaya[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pada amamnya, Masyarakat Gujrati dikenali sebagai masyarakat yang pandai dalam perniagaan dan perdagangan. Rakyat Gujarati kebanyakannya Hindu. Terdapat juga ramai penduduk Islam, Kristian dan Jain, dan populasi kecil Buddha, Majusi, Sikh dan Yahudi

Kesusasteraan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Sejarah kesusasteraan Gujarati boleh dikesan hingga 1000 Masihi. Sejak itu kesusasteraan telah berkembang sehingga kini. penerima anugerah terkenal sastera Gujarati adalah Jhaverchand Meghani, Avinash Vyas, Hemchandracharya, Narsinh Mehta, Gulabdas Broker, Akho, Premanand Bhatt, Shamal Bhatt, Dayaram, Dalpatram, Narmad, Govardhanram Tripathi, Mahatma Gandhi, KM Munshi, Umashankar Joshi, Suresh Joshi, Pannalal Patel, Imamuddin Khanji Babi Saheb (Ruswa mazlumi), Niranjan Bhagat, Rajendra Keshavlal Shah, Raghuveer Chaudhari dan Sitanshu Yashaschandra Mehta.

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ "Scheduled Languages in descending order of speaker's strength - 2001". Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  2. ^ Joel Millman (1998). The other Americans: how immigrants renew our country, our economy, and our values. Pennsylvania State University. m/s. 170. ISBN 9780140242171. Dicapai pada 28 February 2017. There are over half a million Gujarati in America today.
  3. ^ Dan Mayur (2017). Living Dreams. Mehta Publishing House. m/s. 335. ISBN 9789386342140. Dicapai pada 28 February 2017. Nevertheless, the half or million so Gujaratis in the United States, referred to as Gujjus, are entrepreneurial by nature...
  4. ^ "Gujaratis 6% of Indians, but 20% of US Indians". http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Dicapai pada 28 February 2017. External link in |website= (bantuan)
  5. ^ "Gujarati of Pakistan". PeopleGroups.org. Dicapai pada 14 January 2016.
  6. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; teks bagi rujukan ukncgo.org tidak disediakan
  7. ^ "Gujarati of Tanzania". PeopleGroups.org. Dicapai pada 1 March 2017.
  8. ^ Raymond Brady Williams (2001). An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism. University Press, Cambridge. m/s. 208. ISBN 0-521-65279-0. Dicapai pada 5 February 2015. Temple building is a sign of the growth in numbers and the increased prosperity of the Gujarati immigrants...The two decades between 1950 and 1969 were a heady period of success for the Gujaratis of East Africa... Michael Lyon observed that the Gujaratis acquired a new role in the colonial economics of East Africa, and ultimately a tragic one. They became a privileged racial estate under British protection. The Indian population in Kenya increased from 43,625 in 1931 to 176,613 in 1962... More than 80 percent were Gujaratis.
  9. ^ "Gujarati Kenyans of Kenya". PeopleGroups.org. Dicapai pada 1 March 2017.
  10. ^ "NHS Profile, Canada, 2011, Census Data". Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Dicapai pada 4 February 2015.
  11. ^ M. K. Gandhi (2014). Hind Swaraj: Indian Home Rule. Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan. Dicapai pada 11 December 2015.
  12. ^ Minahan, James B. (2012). Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific : an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. m/s. 90. ISBN 1598846590. Dicapai pada 12 December 2015. Anti-British sentiment led to a strong Gujarati participation in the Indian independence movement.
  13. ^ Yagnik, Achyut; Sheth, Suchitra (2005). The shaping of modern Gujarat : plurality, Hindutva, and beyond. New Delhi: Penguin Books. ISBN 0144000385. Dicapai pada 12 December 2015.
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