Anugerah Pemain Terbaik Major League Baseball

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Anugerah Pemain Terbaik Major League Baseball (bahasa Inggeris: Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award) atau disebut sebagai MVP, merupakan anugerah Major League Baseball yang disampaikan kepada pemain paling menyerlah di American League dan National League pada setiap tahun. Sejak tahun 1931, ia telah dianugerahkan oleh Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA). Pemenang akan memperoleh Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award. Anugerah ini bersempena Pesuruhjaya MLB pertama, Landis yang berkhidmat dari tahun 1920 sehingga 1944.[1] Pengundian MVP diambil kira sebelum memasuki postseason Major League Baseball. Keputusan akan diumumkan setelah berakhirnya Siri Dunia. BBWAA mengambil pilihan tiga penulis di setiap bandar liga pada tahun 1938. Mulai tahun 1961, mereka hanya mengambil dua orang penulis di setiap bandar liga.[2]

Posisi first basemen merangkul anugerah terbanyak iaitu seramai 34 orang pemenang dan merupakan posisi infielder terbanyak memenanginya. Seterusnya pula ialah second basemen (16), third basemen (15) dan shortstops (15). Jumlah pitcher yang meraihnya seramai 24 orang manakala 15 daripadanya ialah bertangan kanan dan selebihnya pula ialah pemain kidal. Hanya Walter Johnson, Carl Hubbell dan Hal Newhouser merupakan pitcher yang meraihnya lebih daripada satu kali. Newhouser merangkulnya sebanyak dua kali berturut-turut iaitu pada tahun 1944 dan 1945.[3] Stan Musial, Alex Rodriguez dan Robin Yount telah memenanginya di posisi yang berbeza.[3] Rodriguez juga menjadi satu-satunya pemain yang memenangi anugerah tersebut bersama dua pasukan berbeza dan di dua posisi berbeza.[4] Barry Bonds pula merupakan pemain yang memenangi anugerah terbanyak iaitu sebanyak tujuh kali. Beliau juga meraihnya terbanyak secara berturut-turut iaitu empat kali dari tahun 2001 hingga 2004.[5] Jimmie Foxx menjadi pemain pertama yang meraihnya lebih daripad sekali.[6] Terdapat sembilan orang pemain yang telah merangkulnya sebanyak tiga kali dan 19 orang pemain pula telah meraihnya sebanyak dua kali.[7]

Satu-satunya perkongsian mata berlaku pada tahun 1979 di National League apabila Keith Hernandez dan Willie Stargell meraih jumlah mata yang sama.[3][8] There have been 17 unanimous winners, meaning they received all the first-place votes.[2] Pasukan New York Yankees melahirkan pemain teramai untuk menerima anugerah ini iaitu seramai 22 orang. Pasukan St. Louis Cardinals menyusul di tempat kedua dengan 17 orang pemain. Pemenang terkini ialah Aaron Judge di American League dan Paul Goldschmidt di National League.[9]

Petunjuk[sunting | sunting sumber]

†
 Anggota Muzium dan Dewan Kemahsyuran Besbol Kebangsaan[10][11]
^
 Pemain yang masih aktif[a]
§
 Pemilihan sebulat suara[b][2]
P
 Pitcher (RHP bermaksud bertangan kanan; LHP bermaksud kidal)
C
 Catcher
1B
 First baseman
2B
 Second baseman
3B
 Third baseman
SS
 Shortstop
OF
 Outfielder
DH
 Designated hitter

Chalmers Award (1911–1914)[sunting | sunting sumber]

The face of a white man looking just to the left of the camera.
Ty Cobb merangkul American League Chalmers Award pertama padatahun 1911 dan beliau menjadi tumpuan kontroversi terhadap anugerah pada musim sebelumnya.

Sebelum musim 1910, Hugh Chalmers daripada Chalmers Automobile mengumumkan bahawa beliau akan menghadiahkan kereta Chalmers Model 30 kepada pemain yang mencatatkan purata pukulan tertinggi di penghujung musim Major League Baseball. Perebutan untuk meraih purata terbaik pada tahun 1910 di American League antara pemain Detroit Tigers yang tidak disukai ramai,[2][12][13] Ty Cobb dan pemain Cleveland Indians, Nap Lajoie. Pada hari terakhir musim, Lajoie memintas Cobb dalam rekod purata pukulan apabila beliau menghasilkan tujuh pukulan bunt ketika menentang St. Louis Browns. Presiden American League, Ban Johnson mengatakan bahawa pengiraan semula dilakukan dan mengesahkan Cobb tetap memenangi perebutan. Chalmers akhirnya menyerahkan kereta kepada kedua-dua orang pemain.

Pada musim berikutnya, Chalmers mengasaskan Anugerah Chalmers. Jawatankuasa penulis besbol bersama-sama pada hujung musim menentukan "pemain terpenting dan berguna kepada kelab dan liga". Sejak anugerah tersebut tidak berhasil mengiklankan Chalmers seperti yang diharapkan, ia tidak diteruskan selepas tahun 1914.[2]

Tahun Pemenang American League Pasukan Posisi Pemenang National League Pasukan Pemenang Ruj
1911 Ty Cobb†§ Detroit Tigers OF Frank Schulte Chicago Cubs OF [14]
1912 Tris Speaker† Boston Red Sox OF Larry Doyle New York Giants 2B [15]
1913 Walter Johnson† Washington Senators RHP Jake Daubert Brooklyn Dodgers 1B [16]
1914 Eddie Collins† Philadelphia Athletics 2B Johnny Evers† Boston Braves 2B [17]

League Awards (1922–1929)[sunting | sunting sumber]

A man in full baseball attire wears a pinstriped jersey and a hat with overlapping white "N" and "Y". Looking to the left of the camera, he is holding a baseball upward.
Babe Ruth tidak layak meraih anugerah ini ketika mempamerkan aksi cemerlang pada musim 1927 kerana peraturan anugerah American League yang tidak membenarkan pemenang sebelum ini meraihnya lagi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh Ruth memenanginya pada 1923.

Pada tahun 1922, American League menubuhkan anugerah baru untuk menghargai "pemain besbol yang hebat dalam segala khidmatnya kepada kelab".[18] Pemenang akan diundi oleh jawatankuasa yang terdiri daripada lapan penulis besbol dan dipengerusikan oleh James Crusinberry.[19] Pemenang juga memperoleh pingat gangsa dan hadiah wang tunai.[20] Pengundi dikehendaki untuk memilih seorang pemain daripada setiap pasukan. Pemain-pengurus dan pemenang anugerah sebelum ini dikecualikan. Masalah ini telah memaksa anugerah tersebut terpaksa dihentikan selepas tahun 1928. Anugerah bagi National League yang tidak berdepan sebarang halangan bertahan dari tahun 1924 sehingga 1929.[2]

Tahun Pemenang American League Pasukan Posisi Pemenang National League Pasukan Posisi Ruj
1922 George Sisler† St. Louis Browns 1B — — — [21]
1923 Babe Ruth†§ New York Yankees OF — — — [22]
1924 Walter Johnson† Washington Senators RHP Dazzy Vance† Brooklyn Robins RHP [23]
1925 Roger Peckinpaugh Washington Senators SS Rogers Hornsby† St. Louis Cardinals 2B [24]
1926 George Burns Cleveland Indians 1B Bob O'Farrell St. Louis Cardinals C [25]
1927 Lou Gehrig† New York Yankees 1B Paul Waner† Pittsburgh Pirates OF [26]
1928 Mickey Cochrane† Philadelphia Athletics C Jim Bottomley† St. Louis Cardinals 2B [27]
1929 — — — Rogers Hornsby† Chicago Cubs 2B [28]

Baseball Writers Association of America's Most Valuable Player (1931–kini)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Anugerah BBWAA untuk pemain terbaik buat julung kalinya selepas musim 1931. Anugerah ini menggunakan format National League untuk mengagihkan anugerah liganya. Seorang penulis di setiap bandar liga akan mengisi undian yang terdiri daripada sepuluh tempat. Sepuluh mata akan diberikan kepada penerima di undian tempat pertama, sembilan mata untuk pemain di tempat kedua dan seterusnya. Pada tahun 1938, BBWAA telah menaikkan jumlah pengundi kepada tiga orang di setiap bandar dan 14 mata diberikan kepada pemain di tempat pertama. Perubahan ketara berlaku pada tahun 1961 apabila bilangan pengundi berkurang kepada dua orang di setiap bandar liga.[2]

A man is pictured from his belt up looking to the left of the camera. His button-down baseball jersey says "RED SOX" across it and he is wearing a baseball hat with a "B".
Jimmie Foxx merupakan pemain pertama yang memenangi tiga anugerah MVP.
The face of a dark-skinned man who is smiling widely. The letters "S" and "F" overlap on his hat.
Willie Mays memenangi anugerah ini pada tahun 1954 dan 1965 ketika mewakili pasukan sama tetapi di bandar yang berbeza.
An African-American man looks just right of the camera. His helmet and white jersey both have an orange "S" over "F" logo on them. The man's left arm is crossed over his body and his right is out of the picture. There is a black and orange glove on his left hand.
Barry Bonds meraih anugerah MVP sebanyak tujuh kali dan menjadi peraih anugerah terbanyak berbanding mana-mana pemain lain.
A Hispanic man walking while shouting at someone out of the picture. His helmet is emblazoned with a white "N" and "Y" intertwined, and "NEW YORK" is stitched in black letters across his button-down jersey. The player is holding a black baseball bat almost vertically with black, gray, and white gloves.
Alex Rodriguez meraih anugerah ini bersama dua pasukan berbeza ketika beraksi di dua posisi berbeza.
A right-handed batter is at the plate, looking toward the pitcher's mound. Wearing a red uniform and white pants, there is a crowd behind him with jerseys of various colors.
Albert Pujols memperoleh anugerah ini sebanyak tiga kali dan kesemuanya bersama pasukan St. Louis Cardinals di posisi first base.
Tahun Pemenang American League Pasukan Posisi Pemenang National League Pasukan Posisi Ruj
1931 Lefty Grove† Philadelphia Athletics LHP Frankie Frisch† St. Louis Cardinals 2B [29]
1932 Jimmie Foxx† Philadelphia Athletics 1B Chuck Klein† Philadelphia Phillies OF [30]
1933 Jimmie Foxx† Philadelphia Athletics 1B Carl Hubbell† New York Giants LHP [31]
1934 Mickey Cochrane† Detroit Tigers C Dizzy Dean† St. Louis Cardinals RHP [32]
1935 Hank Greenberg†§ Detroit Tigers 1B Gabby Hartnett† Chicago Cubs C [33]
1936 Lou Gehrig† New York Yankees 1B Carl Hubbell†§ New York Giants LHP [34]
1937 Charlie Gehringer† Detroit Tigers 2B Joe Medwick† St. Louis Cardinals OF [35]
1938 Jimmie Foxx† Boston Red Sox 1B Ernie Lombardi† Cincinnati Reds C [36]
1939 Joe DiMaggio† New York Yankees OF Bucky Walters Cincinnati Reds RHP [37]
1940 Hank Greenberg† Detroit Tigers OF Frank McCormick Cincinnati Reds 1B [38]
1941 Joe DiMaggio† New York Yankees OF Dolph Camilli Brooklyn Dodgers 1B [39]
1942 Joe Gordon† New York Yankees 2B Mort Cooper St. Louis Cardinals RHP [40]
1943 Spud Chandler New York Yankees RHP Stan Musial† St. Louis Cardinals OF [41]
1944 Hal Newhouser† Detroit Tigers LHP Marty Marion St. Louis Cardinals SS [42]
1945 Hal Newhouser† Detroit Tigers LHP Phil Cavarretta Chicago Cubs 1B [43]
1946 Ted Williams† Boston Red Sox OF Stan Musial† St. Louis Cardinals 1B [44]
1947 Joe DiMaggio† New York Yankees OF Bob Elliott Boston Braves 3B [45]
1948 Lou Boudreau† Cleveland Indians SS Stan Musial† St. Louis Cardinals OF [46]
1949 Ted Williams† Boston Red Sox OF Jackie Robinson† Brooklyn Dodgers 2B [47]
1950 Phil Rizzuto† New York Yankees SS Jim Konstanty Philadelphia Phillies RHP [48]
1951 Yogi Berra† New York Yankees C Roy Campanella† Brooklyn Dodgers C [49]
1952 Bobby Shantz Philadelphia Athletics LHP Hank Sauer Chicago Cubs OF [50]
1953 Al Rosen§ Cleveland Indians 3B Roy Campanella† Brooklyn Dodgers C [51]
1954 Yogi Berra† New York Yankees C Willie Mays† New York Giants OF [52]
1955 Yogi Berra† New York Yankees C Roy Campanella† Brooklyn Dodgers C [53]
1956 Mickey Mantle†§ New York Yankees OF Don Newcombe Brooklyn Dodgers RHP [54]
1957 Mickey Mantle† New York Yankees OF Hank Aaron† Milwaukee Braves C [55]
1958 Jackie Jensen Boston Red Sox OF Ernie Banks† Chicago Cubs SS [56]
1959 Nellie Fox† Chicago White Sox 2B Ernie Banks† Chicago Cubs SS [57]
1960 Roger Maris New York Yankees OF Dick Groat Pittsburgh Pirates SS [58]
1961 Roger Maris New York Yankees OF Frank Robinson†§ Cincinnati Reds OF [59]
1962 Mickey Mantle† New York Yankees OF Maury Wills Los Angeles Dodgers SS [60]
1963 Elston Howard New York Yankees C Sandy Koufax† Los Angeles Dodgers LHP [61]
1964 Brooks Robinson† Baltimore Orioles 3B Ken Boyer St. Louis Cardinals 3B [62]
1965 Zoilo Versalles Minnesota Twins SS Willie Mays† San Francisco Giants OF [63]
1966 Frank Robinson†§ Baltimore Orioles OF Roberto Clemente† Pittsburgh Pirates OF [64]
1967 Carl Yastrzemski† Boston Red Sox OF Orlando Cepeda†§ St. Louis Cardinals 1B [65]
1968 Denny McLain§ Detroit Tigers RHP Bob Gibson† St. Louis Cardinals RHP [66]
1969 Harmon Killebrew† Minnesota Twins 3B Willie McCovey† San Francisco Giants 1B [67]
1970 Boog Powell Baltimore Orioles 1B Johnny Bench† Cincinnati Reds C [68]
1971 Vida Blue Oakland Athletics LHP Joe Torre St. Louis Cardinals 3B [69]
1972 Dick Allen Chicago White Sox 1B Johnny Bench† Cincinnati Reds C [70]
1973 Reggie Jackson†§ Oakland Athletics OF Pete Rose Cincinnati Reds OF [71]
1974 Jeff Burroughs Texas Rangers OF Steve Garvey Los Angeles Dodgers 1B [72]
1975 Fred Lynn Boston Red Sox OF Joe Morgan† Cincinnati Reds 2B [73]
1976 Thurman Munson New York Yankees C Joe Morgan† Cincinnati Reds 2B [74]
1977 Rod Carew† Minnesota Twins 1B George Foster Cincinnati Reds OF [75]
1978 Jim Rice† Boston Red Sox OF Dave Parker Pittsburgh Pirates OF [76]
1979[c] Don Baylor California Angels DH Keith Hernandez St. Louis Cardinals 1B [8]
1979[c] — — — Willie Stargell† Pittsburgh Pirates 1B [8]
1980 George Brett† Kansas City Royals 3B Mike Schmidt†§ Philadelphia Phillies 3B [77]
1981 Rollie Fingers† Milwaukee Brewers RHP Mike Schmidt† Philadelphia Phillies 3B [78]
1982 Robin Yount† Milwaukee Brewers SS Dale Murphy Atlanta Braves OF [79]
1983 Cal Ripken, Jr.† Baltimore Orioles SS Dale Murphy Atlanta Braves OF [80]
1984 Willie Hernández Detroit Tigers LHP Ryne Sandberg† Chicago Cubs 2B [81]
1985 Don Mattingly New York Yankees 1B Willie McGee St. Louis Cardinals OF [82]
1986 Roger Clemens Boston Red Sox RHP Mike Schmidt† Philadelphia Phillies 3B [83]
1987 George Bell Toronto Blue Jays OF Andre Dawson† Chicago Cubs OF [84]
1988 José Canseco Oakland Athletics OF Kirk Gibson§ Los Angeles Dodgers OF [85]
1989 Robin Yount† Milwaukee Brewers OF Kevin Mitchell San Francisco Giants OF [86]
1990 Rickey Henderson† Oakland Athletics OF Barry Bonds Pittsburgh Pirates OF [87]
1991 Cal Ripken, Jr.† Baltimore Orioles SS Terry Pendleton Atlanta Braves 3B [88]
1992 Dennis Eckersley† Oakland Athletics RHP Barry Bonds Pittsburgh Pirates OF [89]
1993 Frank Thomas§ Chicago White Sox 1B Barry Bonds San Francisco Giants OF [90]
1994 Frank Thomas Chicago White Sox 1B Jeff Bagwell§ Houston Astros 1B [91]
1995 Mo Vaughn Boston Red Sox 1B Barry Larkin Cincinnati Reds SS [92]
1996 Juan González Texas Rangers OF Ken Caminiti§ San Diego Padres 3B [93]
1997 Ken Griffey, Jr.§ Seattle Mariners OF Larry Walker Colorado Rockies OF [94]
1998 Juan González Texas Rangers OF Sammy Sosa Chicago Cubs OF [95]
1999 Iván Rodríguez Texas Rangers C Chipper Jones Atlanta Braves 3B [96]
2000 Jason Giambi^ Oakland Athletics 1B Jeff Kent San Francisco Giants 2B [97]
2001 Ichiro Suzuki^ Seattle Mariners OF Barry Bonds San Francisco Giants OF [98]
2002 Miguel Tejada^ Oakland Athletics SS Barry Bonds San Francisco Giants OF [99]
2003 Alex Rodriguez^ Texas Rangers SS Barry Bonds San Francisco Giants OF [100]
2004 Vladimir Guerrero^ Anaheim Angels OF Barry Bonds San Francisco Giants OF [101]
2005 Alex Rodriguez^ New York Yankees 3B Albert Pujols^ St. Louis Cardinals 1B [102]
2006 Justin Morneau^ Minnesota Twins 1B Ryan Howard^ Philadelphia Phillies 1B [103]
2007 Alex Rodriguez^ New York Yankees 3B Jimmy Rollins^ Philadelphia Phillies SS [104]
2008 Dustin Pedroia^ Boston Red Sox 2B Albert Pujols^ St. Louis Cardinals 1B [105]
2009 Joe Mauer^ Minnesota Twins C Albert Pujols^§ St. Louis Cardinals 1B [106]
2010 Josh Hamilton^ Texas Rangers OF Joey Votto^ Cincinnati Reds 1B [107]
2011 Justin Verlander^ Detroit Tigers RHP Ryan Braun^ Milwaukee Brewers OF [108]
2012 Miguel Cabrera^ Detroit Tigers 3B Buster Posey^ San Francisco Giants C [109]
2013 Miguel Cabrera^ Detroit Tigers 3B Andrew McCutchen^ Pittsburgh Pirates OF [110]
2014 Mike Trout^§ Los Angeles Angels OF Clayton Kershaw^ Los Angeles Dodgers LHP [111]
2015 Josh Donaldson^ Toronto Blue Jays 3B Bryce Harper^§ Washington Nationals OF [112]
2016 Mike Trout^ (2) Los Angeles Angels OF Kris Bryant^ Chicago Cubs 3B/OF [113]
2017 José Altuve^ Houston Astros 2B Giancarlo Stanton^ Miami Marlins OF [114]
2018 Mookie Betts^ Boston Red Sox OF Christian Yelich^ Milwaukee Brewers OF [115]
2019 Mike Trout^ (3) Los Angeles Angels OF Cody Bellinger^ Los Angeles Dodgers OF [116]
2020 José Abreu^ Chicago White Sox 1B Freddie Freeman^ Atlanta Braves 1B [117]
2021 Shohei Ohtani^§ Los Angeles Angels RHP/DH Bryce Harper^ (2) Philadelphia Phillies OF [118]
2022 Aaron Judge^§ New York Yankees OF Paul Goldschmidt^ St. Louis Cardinals 1B [9]

Nota[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • a Pemain yang dianggap tidak aktif ialah apabila mengumumkan persaraan atau tidak beraksi untuk musim penuh.
  • b Kemenangan sebulat suara menandakan pemain tersebut memperoleh kesemua undian di tempat pertama.
  • c Hernandez dan Stargell kedua-duanya meraih 216 mata dalam undian 1979.[8]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

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  89. ^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 1992". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Dicapai pada December 28, 2009.
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  110. ^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 2013". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Dicapai pada January 4, 2014.
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  115. ^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 2018". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Dicapai pada June 13, 2023.
  116. ^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 2019". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Dicapai pada June 13, 2023.
  117. ^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 2020". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Dicapai pada June 13, 2023.
  118. ^ "Baseball Awards Voting for 2021". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Dicapai pada June 13, 2023.
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