Dionysus atau Dionysos (disebut /ˌdaɪ.ɵˈnaɪsəs/; Greek: Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος) adalah dewa Yunani purba bagi wain, yang menjiwai upacara kegilaan dan keghairahan, dan seorang tokoh besar dalam mitologi Yunani . Dia adalah termasuk sebagai salah satu daripada 12 Dewa Olimpus. Dionysus adalah jenis dewa pencerahan, "dewa yang muncul". Dia juga dikenali sebagai Bacchus, nama yang digunakan oleh Rom[1] dan bahasa pasar, nama itu menjadi, bakkheia. Di samping pembuatan wain, dia adalah dewa penaung bagi pertanian dan teater. Ia juga dikenali sebagai Pembebas (Eleutherios), membebaskan jiwa seseorang dengan muzik, kegilaan, keghairahan atau wain. [2] Misi Dionysus adalah untuk mencampurkan muzik aulos dan menamatkan anda kerisauan dan bimbang. [3] Para sarjana telah membahaskan kaitan Dionysus dengan "kultus jiwa" dan kemampuannya untuk memimpin komunikasi antara hidup dan yang mati. [4]
^In Greek "both votary and god are called Bacchus." (Burkert, Greek Religion 1985:162, noting, for the initiate, Euripides, Bacchantes 491, for the god, who alone is Dionysus, SophoclesOedipus the King 211 and Euripides Hippolytus 560.
^Sutton, P.2, Dionysus menyebut sebagai Pembebas dalam hubungannya dengan festival bandar Dionysia.
^Fox, hal 221, "The divine mission of Dionysus was to mingle the music of the flute and to bring surcease to care"; Fox cites Euripides as a direct source for this statement. Euripides, Bacchae 379-381: "[370] Holiness, queen of the gods, Holiness, who bear your golden wings along the earth, do you hear these words from Pentheus? Do you hear his unholy [375] insolence against Bromius, the child of Semele, the first deity of the gods at the banquets where guests wear beautiful garlands? He holds this office, to join in dances, [380] to laugh with the flute, and to bring an end to cares, whenever the delight of the grape comes at the feasts of the gods, and in ivy-bearing banquets [385] the goblet sheds sleep over men." [1]
^Riu, Xavier,Dionysism dan komedi, Bab 4, Kebahagiaan dan Mati, p.105, "Dionysus mengetuai komunikasi dengan Mati".
Farnell, Lewis Richard, The Cults of the Greek States, 1896. Volume V, cf. Chapter IV, Cults of Dionysos; Chapter V, Dionysiac Ritual; Chapter VI, Cult-Monuments of Dionysos; Chapter VII, Ideal Dionysiac Types.
Fox, William Sherwood, The Mythology of All Races, v.1, Greek and Roman, 1916, General editor, Louis Herbert Gray.
Jameson, Michael. "The Asexuality of Dionysus." Masks of Dionysus. Ed. Thomas H. Carpenter and Christopher A. Faraone. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1993. ISBN 0-8014-8062-0. 44-64.
Pickard-Cambridge, Arthur, The Theatre of Dionysus at Athens, 1946.
Powell, Barry B., "Classical Myth," 5th edition, 2007. ISBN
Ridgeway, William, Origin of Tragedy, 1910. Kessinger Publishing (June 2003). ISBN 0-7661-6221-4.
Ridgeway, William, The Dramas and Dramatic Dances of non-European Races in special reference to the origin of Greek Tragedy, with an appendix on the origin of Greek Comedy, 1915.
Riu, Xavier, Dionysism and Comedy, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers (1999). ISBN 0-8476-9442-9. [2]
Detienne, Marcel, Arthur Goldhammer (translator), Dionysos at Large, Harvard University Press, 1989. ISBN 0674207734. (Originally in French as Dionysos à ciel ouvert, 1986)
Seaford, Richard. Dionysos (Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World). Oxford: Routledge, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-415-32487-4; paperback, ISBN 0-415-32488-2).
Taylor-Perry, Rosemarie The God Who Comes: Dionysian Mysteries Revisited. New York: Algora Press, 2003 (hardcover, ISBN 0-87586-214-4; paperback, ISBN 0-87586-213-6).
