Intifadah Pertama
| Intifada Pertama | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sebahagian daripada Konflik Israel-Palestin dan Konflik Arab-Israel | |||||||||
|
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| Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||||
 Israel |
 rakyat Palestin23px PLO  HamasPFLP |
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| Komandan | |||||||||
| Yitzhak Shamir |
Unified National Leadership of the Uprising[1] |
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| Korban | |||||||||
| 164 orang Israel:
- 53 penduduk awam Israel dibunuh oleh Palestin di dalam Israel [2] |
2,162 Palestin:
- 1,087 Palestin dibunuh oleh pasukan keselamatan Israel [2] |
||||||||
| *Dibunuh kerana dituduh bekerjasama atau memberi maklumat kepada Israel. | |||||||||
Intifada Pertama (1987–1993) (juga "Intifada") adalah satu penentangan oleh rakyat Palestin menentang pendudukan Israel ke atas Wilayah Palestin.[5] Pemberontakan ini bermula di kem pelarian Jabalia dan dengan pantas merebak ke seluruh Genting Gaza, Tebing Barat dan Baitulmuqaddis Timur.[6]
Tindakan rakyat Palestin termasuklah keingkaran awam tanpa kekerasan dan gerakan penentangan. Terdapat mogok umum, boikot barangan Israel, keengganan membayar cukai, grafiti dan rebat, tetapi tunjuk perasaan yang disertai balingan batu oleh remaja terhadap Pasukan Pertahanan Israel (IDF) lebih diingati ramai.[7]
Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Zachary Lockman, Joel Beinin (1989) Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation South End Press, ISBN 0-89608-363-2 and 9780896083639 p 327
- ^ a b c d e B'Tselem Statistics; Fatalities in the first Intifada
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; teks bagi rujukanphrmgtidak disediakan - ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; teks bagi rujukanLockmantidak disediakan - ^ "uprising by Palestinians against Israeli occupation in the West Bank and Gaza Strip territories." Intifada, Microsoft Encarta. Arkib 2009-10-31.
- ^ The Intifada - An Overview: The First Two Years Collaborators , One Year Al-Aqsa Intifada , Fact Sheets And Figures
- ^ BBC: A History of Conflict BBC
Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Eitan Alimi (2006). Israeli Politics and the First Palestinian Intifada. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415385601.
- Geoffrey Aronson (1990). Israel, Palestinians, and the Intifada: Creating Facts on the West Bank. London: Kegan Paul International. ISBN 0-7103-0336-X.
- Joel Beinin; Zachary Lockman (1989). Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation. Boston: South End Press. ISBN 0-89608-363-2.
- Joost R. Hiltermann (1991). Behind the Intifada: Labor and Women's Movements in the Occupied Territories. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07869-6.
- Mary Elizabeth King (2007). A Quiet Revolution: The First Palestinian Intifada and Nonviolent Resistance. New York: Nation Books. ISBN 1560258020.
- Benny Morris (1999). Righteous Victims: a History of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881-1999. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-74475-4.
- Don Peretz (1990). Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-0860-7.
- Andrew Rigby (1991). Living the Intifada. London: Zed Books. ISBN 1-85649-040-8., out-of-print, now downloadable at [1]
- Aryeh Shalev (1991). The Intifada: Causes and Effects. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Post & Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-8303-X.
- Ze'ev Schiff, Ehud Ya'ari (1989). Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising: Israel's Third Front. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-67530-3.
Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- The Intifada in Palestine:Introduction (www.intifada.com)
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 605
- Palestinian Arab "collaborators" (Guardian, UK)
- The Future of a Rebellion - Palestine An anaysis of the 1980s intifada revolt of Palestinian youth. on libcom.org
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