Setiausaha Perang Amerika Syarikat

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Setiausaha Perang
Amerika Syarikat
United States Secretary of War
Bendera Setiausaha Perang
Jabatan Perang Amerika Syarikat
GelaranTuan Setiausaha
Anggota bagiKabinet Amerika Syarikat Edit the value on Wikidata
Lapor kepadaPresiden
Bidang kuasaAmerika Syarikat Edit the value on Wikidata
InstitusiJabatan Perang Amerika Syarikat Edit the value on Wikidata
KediamanWashington Edit the value on Wikidata
PusatWashington, D.C.
Dilantik olehPresiden
atas nasihat dan persetujuan Senat
Tempoh jawatanTiada tempoh ditetapkan
PeloporSetiausaha masa Perang
Dibentuk1789
Pemegang pertamaHenry Knox
Pemegang akhirKenneth C. Royall
Dimansuhkan1947
Digantikan olehSetiausaha Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat, Setiausaha Tentera Udara Amerika Syarikat dan Setiausaha Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat Edit the value on Wikidata
PenggantianSetiausaha Pertahanan
Setiausaha Tentera Darat
Setiausaha Tentera Udara
SenaraiList of United States Secretaries of War (en) Terjemah Edit the value on Wikidata
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Setiausaha Perang adalah anggota Kabinet Presiden Amerika Syarikat, bermula dengan pentadbiran George Washington. Satu jawatan yang sama, samada dipanggil "Setiausaha masa Perang" atau "Setiausaha Perang," telah dilantik untuk berkhidmat dengan Kongres Konfederasi dibawah Artikel Konfederasi antara tahun 1781 dan 1789. Benjamin Lincoln dan kemudian Henry Knox menyandang jawatan itu. Apabila Washington dilantik sebagai presiden pertama dibawah Perlembagaan, beliau melantik Knox untuk terus berkhidmat.

Setiausaha Perang merupakan ketua Jabatan Perang. Pada mulanya, beliau bertanggungjawab bagi semua urusan ketenteraan, termasuk hal ehwal tentera laut. Pada tahun 1798, Setiausaha Tentera Laut telah diwujudkan oleh statut, dan skop tanggungjawab bagi pejabat ini dikurangkan kepada hal ehwal Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat. Dari tahun 1886 seterusnya, Setiausaha Perang berada di tempat ketiga dalam susunan penggantian jawatan presiden, selepas Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat dan Setiausaha Negara.

Pada tahun 1947, dengan pelulusan Akta Keselamatan Negara 1947, Setiausaha Perang digantikan oleh Setiausaha Tentera Darat dan Setiausaha Tentera Udara, yang, berserta dengan Setiausaha Tentera Laut, sejak tahun 1949 menjadi subordinat bukan-Kabinet dibawah Setiausaha Pertahanan. Pejabat Setiausaha Tentera Darat secara umumnya dianggap pengganti terus kepada Setiausaha Perang walaupun Setiausaha Pertahanan mengambil tempat Setiausaha Perang dalam Kabinet, dan susunan penggantian jawatan presiden.

Senarai Setiausaha[sunting | sunting sumber]

Setiausaha masa Perang (1781–1789)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Pejabat Setiausaha masa Perang dimodelkan mengikut Setiausaha masa Perang Great Britain, iaitu William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, pada masa Revolusi Amerika. Pejabat Setiausaha masa Perang bertujuan menggantikan Panglima Tertinggi dan Lembaga Perang, dan seperti Presiden Lembaga, Setiausaha tidak memakai insignia khas. Inspektor Jeneral, Kuartermaster Jeneral, Komisari Jeneral, dan Ajutan Jeneral berkhidmat pada staf Setiausaha. Bagaimanapun, Tentera Darat sendiri dibawah Setiausaha Henry Knox hanya terdiri daripada 700 anggota.

No. Potret Nama Negeri kediaman Ambil jawatan Lepas jawatan Kongres
1 Benjamin Lincoln Massachusetts 1781 1783 Kongres Konfederasi
2 Henry Knox Massachusetts March 8, 1785 September 12, 1789

Setiausaha Perang (1789–1947)[sunting | sunting sumber]

Dwight F. Davis mengangkat sumpah sebagai Setiausaha Perang pada tahun 1925. Mantan Setiausaha John W. Weeks dan Ketua Hakim William Howard Taft berdiri disebelahnya.
Parti

      Tiada parti (1)       Federalis (3)       Demokrat-Republikan (8)       Demokrat (14)       Whig (5)       Republikan (25)

No. Potret Nama Negeri kediaman Ambil jawatan Lepas jawatan Presiden
1 Henry Knox Massachusetts September 12, 1789 December 31, 1794 George Washington
style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 2 Timothy Pickering Pennsylvania[1] January 2, 1795 December 10, 1795
rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 3 James McHenry Maryland January 27, 1796 June 1, 1800[2]
rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" | John Adams
style="background: Templat:Federalist Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 4 Samuel Dexter Massachusetts June 1, 1800 January 31, 1801
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 5 Henry Dearborn Massachusetts March 5, 1801 March 4, 1809 style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | Thomas Jefferson
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 6 William Eustis Massachusetts March 7, 1809 January 13, 1813 rowspan=4 style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | James Madison
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 7 John Armstrong, Jr. New York January 13, 1813 September 27, 1814
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 8 James Monroe Virginia September 27, 1814 March 2, 1815
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 9 William H. Crawford Georgia August 1, 1815 October 22, 1816
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 10 John C. Calhoun South Carolina October 8, 1817 March 4, 1825 style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | James Monroe
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 11 James Barbour Virginia March 7, 1825 May 23, 1828 rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | John Quincy Adams
style="background: Templat:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 12 Peter Buell Porter New York May 23, 1828 March 9, 1829
13 John H. Eaton Tennessee March 9, 1829 June 18, 1831 Andrew Jackson
14 Lewis Cass Ohio August 1, 1831 October 5, 1836
15 Joel Roberts Poinsett South Carolina March 7, 1837 March 4, 1841 Martin Van Buren
rowspan=2 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 16 John Bell Tennessee March 5, 1841 September 13, 1841 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | William Henry Harrison
rowspan=4 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | John Tyler
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 17 John Canfield Spencer New York October 12, 1841 March 4, 1843
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 18 James Madison Porter Pennsylvania March 8, 1843 February 14, 1844
19 William Wilkins Pennsylvania February 15, 1844 March 4, 1845
20 William Learned Marcy New York March 6, 1845 March 4, 1849 James K. Polk
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 21 George W. Crawford Georgia March 8, 1849 July 22, 1850 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | Zachary Taylor
style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | 22 Charles Magill Conrad Louisiana August 15, 1850 March 4, 1853 style="background: Templat:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" | Millard Fillmore
23 Jefferson Davis Mississippi March 7, 1853 March 4, 1857 Franklin Pierce
24 John B. Floyd Virginia March 6, 1857 December 29, 1860 James Buchanan
25 Joseph Holt Kentucky January 18, 1861 March 4, 1861
26 Simon Cameron Pennsylvania March 5, 1861 January 14, 1862 Abraham Lincoln
27 Edwin M. Stanton Pennsylvania January 20, 1862 May 28, 1868
Andrew Johnson
28 John McAllister Schofield Illinois June 1, 1868 March 13, 1869
29 John Aaron Rawlins Illinois March 13, 1869 September 6, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant
30 William W. Belknap Iowa October 25, 1869 March 2, 1876
31 Alphonso Taft Ohio March 8, 1876 May 22, 1876
32 J. Donald Cameron Pennsylvania May 22, 1876 March 4, 1877
33 George W. McCrary Iowa March 12, 1877 December 10, 1879 Rutherford B. Hayes
34 Alexander Ramsey Minnesota December 10, 1879 March 4, 1881
35 Robert Todd Lincoln Illinois March 5, 1881 March 4, 1885 James A. Garfield
Chester A. Arthur
36 William Crowninshield Endicott Massachusetts March 5, 1885 March 4, 1889 Grover Cleveland
37 Redfield Proctor Vermont March 5, 1889 November 5, 1891 Benjamin Harrison
38 Stephen Benton Elkins West Virginia December 17, 1891 March 4, 1893
39 Daniel S. Lamont New York March 5, 1893 March 4, 1897 Grover Cleveland
40 Russell A. Alger Michigan March 5, 1897 August 1, 1899 William McKinley
41 Elihu Root New York August 1, 1899 January 31, 1904
Theodore Roosevelt
42 William Howard Taft Ohio February 1, 1904 June 30, 1908
43 Luke Edward Wright Tennessee July 1, 1908 March 4, 1909
44 Jacob M. Dickinson Tennessee March 12, 1909 May 21, 1911 William Howard Taft
45 Henry L. Stimson New York May 22, 1911 March 4, 1913
46 Lindley Miller Garrison New Jersey March 5, 1913 February 10, 1916 Woodrow Wilson
47 Newton D. Baker Ohio March 9, 1916 March 4, 1921
48 John W. Weeks Massachusetts March 5, 1921 October 13, 1925 Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
49 Dwight F. Davis Missouri October 14, 1925 March 4, 1929
50 James William Good Illinois March 6, 1929 November 18, 1929 Herbert Hoover
51 Patrick J. Hurley Oklahoma December 9, 1929 March 4, 1933
52 George Dern Utah March 4, 1933 August 27, 1936 Franklin D. Roosevelt
53 Harry Hines Woodring Kansas September 25, 1936 June 20, 1940
54 Henry L. Stimson New York July 10, 1940 September 21, 1945
Harry S. Truman
55 Robert P. Patterson New York September 27, 1945 July 18, 1947
56 Kenneth C. Royall North Carolina July 19, 1947 September 18, 1947

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nota kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hlaw:7:./temp/~ammem_WqlO::
  2. ^ "Papers of the War Department". Wardepartmentpapers.org. Dicapai pada 2012-05-15.

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