Senarai Paus

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.

Senarai Paus yang diberikan ini ialah sepadan dengan yang termaktub dalam Annuario Pontificio bawah menuju "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (Pontif-Pontif Agung Roma), tidak termasuk orang-orang itu jelas dinyatakan sebagai antipaus. Terbitan tahunan Kuria Roma ini tidak mengenakan nombor pemerintahan kepada paus-paus dengan alasan bahawa mustahil untuk memutuskan pihak mana yang menjadi pewaris sah berturut-turut, khususnya mengenai Paus Leo VIII, Paus Benedictus V dan beberapa tokoh Paus yang lain pada pertengahan abad ke-11.[1] Terbitan Annuario Pontificio edisi tahun 2001 memperkenalkan "hampir 200 pembetulan untuk biografi sedia ada bermula dari St. Petrus kepada Ioannes Paulus II", di mana ia melibatkan tarikh pemerintahan, terutamanya dalam dua abad pertama, tempat lahir serta nama keluarga nama seorang paus dalam satu kasus tertentu.[2]

Mengikut kronologi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nota hal penamaan: Nama Barat yang dipakai kebanyakan Paus-Paus ini seringkali mempunyai bentuk yang berbeza-beza mengikut bahasa dituturi penduduk setempat. Nama "John" (dalam bahasa Inggeris) misalnya boleh disebut menjadi:

...dan sebagainya. Oleh itu, nama pemerintah rasmi yang diberikan di sini akan mengikut bahasa Latin (yakni: "Ioannes") iaitu bahasa rasmi digunakan pihak Gereja Katolik (sepertimana bahasa Arab menjadi bahasa agama penting dalam agama Islam) untuk tujuan keseragaman.

Alaf pertama[sunting | sunting sumber]

Abad pertama[sunting | sunting sumber]

No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
1 30/33 –

64/68

Santo

Petrus

Šimon Kêpâ 1 TM

Bethsaida, Galilea, Empayar Rom[birth 1]

2 64/68 – 76/79 Santo Linus Linus 10 M
Volterrae, Italia, Empayar Rom[birth 2]
3 76/79 – 88/91 Santo

Anacletus

Anáklētos / Klḗtos 25 M
Athenae, Achaea, Empayar Rom[birth 3]
4 26 April 88 -

23 November 99

(11 tahun, 211 hari)

(4228)

Santo

Clemens I

Clemens c. 35 M
Roma, Itali, Empayar Rom[birth 4]
5 23 November 99 –

27 Oktober 105

(5 tahun, 338 hari)

(2164)

SantoEvaristus Euáristus c. 30 M
Bethleem, Iudaea, Empayar Rom[birth 5]

Abad ke-2[sunting | sunting sumber]

No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
6 27 October 105 –

3 Mei 115

(9 tahun, 188 hari)

(3475)

Santo

Alexander I

Alexander c. 75 TM
Rom, Italia, Empayar Rom[birth 4]
7 3 Mei 115 –

3 April 125

(9 tahun, 335 hari)

(3623)

Santo

Sixtus I

Xustós

(atau Síxtos)

42 TM
Rom, Italia, Empayar Rom[birth 4]
8 3 April 125 –

5 Januari 136

(10 tahun, 277 hari)

(3929)

Santo

Telesphorus

Telesphóros c. 67 TM
Terra Nova, Italia, Empayar Rom
9 5 Januari 136 –

11 Januari 140

(4 tahun, 6 hari)

(1467)

Santo

Hyginus

Hugînos c. 74 TM
Athens, Achaea, Empayar Rom[birth 3]
10 11 Januari 140 –

11 Julai 155

(15 tahun, 181 hari)

(5660)

Santo

Pius I

Pius c. 81 TM
Aquileia, Italia, Empayar Rom[birth 6]
11 11 Julai 155 –

20 April 166

(10 tahun, 283 hari)

(3936)

Santo

Anicetus

Aníkētos c. 92 TM
Emesa, Syria, Empayar Rom[birth 7]
12 20 April 166 –

22 April 174

(8 tahun, 2 hari)

(2924)

St.

Soterius

Sōtḗr

(atau Sōtḗros)

c. 119 TM
Fundi, Aquileia, Empayar Rom[birth 6]
13 22 April 174 –

26 Mei 189

(15 tahun, 34 hari)

(5513)

St.

Eleutherius

Eleútheros

(atau Eleuthérios)

c. 130 TM
Nikopolis, Epirus, Empayar Rom[birth 8]
14 26 Mei 189 –

28 Julai 199

(10 tahun, 63 hari)

(3715)

St.

Victor I

Victor c. 155 TM
Africa, Empayar Rom[birth 9]
15 28 Juli 199 –

20 Des 217

(18 tahun, 145 hari)

St.

Zephyrinus

Zephyrinus

(Zefyrin)

s.160 Rom, Empayar Rom
- s.199 –

s. 200

(1 tahun, 0 hari)

NataliusAntipapa Rom, Empayar Rom

Abad ke-3[sunting | sunting sumber]

No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
16 20 December 217 –

14 October 222 (4 years, 298 days)

St. Callistus I Callixtus

(Callixt)

c.155

Rom, Empayar Rom

17 14 Okt 222 –

23 Mei, 230 (7 tahun, 221 hari)

St. Urbanus I Urbanus

(Urban)

c.175

Rom, Empayar Rom

18 21 Ogos 230 –

28 Sept 235 (5 tahun, 38 hari)

St Pontianus Pontianus

(Pontian)

c.175 Rom, Empayar Rom
19 21 Nov 235 –

3 Jan 236 (43 hari)

St. Anterus Antherós

(Anter)

c.180 Petilia, Itali, Empayar Rom
20 10 Jan 236 –

20 Jan 250 (14 tahun, 10 hari)

St. Fabianus Fabianus

(Fabian)

c.200 Rom, Empayar Rom
21 6 March 251 –

25 Juni 253 (2 tahun, 111 hari)

St. Cornelius Cornelius

(Cornelly)

c.180 Rom, Empayar Rom
22 25 Jun 253 –

5 Mac 254 (253 hari)

St. Lusius IPapa LUCIUS Lucius

(Luces)

c.200 Rom, Empayar Rom
23 12 Mac 254 –

2 Ogos 257 (3 tahun, 143 hari)

St. Stephen IPapa STEPHANUS Stéfanos

(Stephen)

c.205 Rom, Empayar Rom
24 30 Ogos 257 –

6 Ogos 258 (341 hari)

St Sixtus IIPapa XYSTUS Secundus Síxtos

(Sixt)

c.215 Athens, Greece, Empayar Rom
25 22 Jul 259 –

26 Dis, 268 (9 tahun, 157 hari)

St. DionisiusPapa DIONYSIUS Dionýsios

(Dennis)

s.200 Terranova da Sibari, Itali, Empayar Rom
26 5 Jan 269 –

30 Dis 274 (5 tahun, 359 hari)

St. Feliks IPapa FELIX Felix c.206 Rom, Empayar Rom
27 4 Jan 275 –

7 Dis 283 (8 tahun, 337 hari)

St. EuticianusPapa EUTYCHIANUS Eutychianus

(Eutychian)

c.240 Luni, Itali, Empayar Rom (Sekarang Luni, Itali)
28 17 Dis 283 –

22 April 296 (12 tahun, 127 hari)

St CaiusPapa CAIUS Gaíos

(Cay atau Gay)

c.245 AD Salona, Dalmatia, Empayar Rom
29 30 Juni 296 –

26 April 304 (7 tahun, 301 hari)

St. MarselinusPapa MARCELLINUS Marcellinus

(Marcellin)

c.250 Rom, Empayar Rom

Abad ke-4[sunting | sunting sumber]

No.
30 27 May 308 –

16 January 309 (234 days)

St Marcellus IMARCELLVS c. 255 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
31 18 April 309 –

17 August 310 (1 year, 121 days)

St EusebiusEVSEBIVS c. 255 AD Sardinia, Roman Empire
32 2 July 311 –

10 January 314 (2 years, 192 days)

St Miltiades(Melchiades)

MILTIADES

c. 270 AD Africa, Roman Empire
33 31 January 314 –

31 December 335 (21 years, 334 days)

St Sylvester ISILVESTER c. 285 AD Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire
34 18 January 336 –

7 October 336 (263 days)

St MarkMARCVS c. 290 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
35 6 February 337 –

12 April 352 (15 years, 66 days)

St Julius IIVLIVS c. 280 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
36 17 May 352 –

24 September 366 (14 years, 130 days)

LiberiusLIBERIVS c. 310 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
— 355 –

22 November 365 (10 years, 0 days)

Felix IIFELIX Secundus c. 300 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
37 1 October 366 –

11 December 384 (18 years, 71 days)

St Damasus IDAMASVS c. 305 AD Egitania, Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
— 1 October 366 –

16 November 367 (1 year, 46 days)

UrsinusVRSINVS Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
38 17 December 384 –

26 November 399 (14 years, 344 days)

St SiriciusSIRICIVS c. 334 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
39 27 November 399 –

19 December 401 (2 years, 22 days)

St Anastasius IANASTASIVS c. 340 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire

Abad ke-5[sunting | sunting sumber]

No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
40 21 December 401 –

12 March 417 (15 years, 81 days)

St Innocent IINNOCENTIVS c. 378 AD Albanum, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire 41 / 57 Roman. Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric I.
41 18 March 417 –

26 December 418 (1 year, 283 days)

St ZosimusZOSIMVS c. 370 AD Messurga, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire 47 / 48 Greek.
— 27 December 418 –

3 April 419 (97 days)

EulaliusEVLALIVS c. 350–80 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 68–38 / 69–39 (†72–42) Roman. In opposition to Pope Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly. Exiled in Campania, and died in 423.
42 28 December 418 –

4 September 422 (3 years, 250 days)

St Boniface IBONIFACIVS c. 377 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 43 / 47 Roman.
43 10 September 422 –

27 July 432 (9 years, 321 days)

St Celestine ICAELESTINVS c. 380 AD Campania, Roman Empire 42 / 52 Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.
44 31 July 432 –

18 August 440 (8 years, 18 days)

St Sixtus IIISYXTVS Tertius c. 390 AD Rome, Italy, Roman Empire 42 / 50 Roman.
45 29 September 440 –

10 November 461 (21 years, 42 days)

St Leo I(Leo the Great)

LEO MAGNVS

c. 390 AD Etruria, Italia, Roman Empire 50 / 71 Roman. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tome which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon (451) and in defining the hypostatic union. Feast day 10 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46 19 November 461 –

29 February 468 (6 years, 102 days)

St HilaryHILARIVS c. 400 AD Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire 46 / 53 Roman.
47 3 March 468 –

10 March 483 (15 years, 7 days)

St SimpliciusSIMPLICIVS c. 430 AD Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire 38 / 53 Roman. Papacy during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by Odoacer.
48 13 March 483 –

1 March 492 (8 years, 354 days)

St Felix IIIFELIX Tertius c. 440 AD Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire 43 / 52 Imperial Roman pope. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I.
49 1 March 492 –

21 November 496 (4 years, 265 days)

St Gelasius IGELASIVS c. 410 AD Mons Ferratus, Quinquegentiani, Africa, Western Roman Empire 82 / 86 Roman Berber; the last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".
50 24 November 496 –

19 November 498 (1 year, 360 days)

Anastasius IIANASTASIVS Secundus c. 445 AD Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire 51 / 53 Greek. Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted in the Laurentian schism.
51 22 November 498 –

19 July 514 (15 years, 239 days)

St SymmachusSYMMACHVS c. 460 AD Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire 38 / 54 Roman.
— 22 November 498 –

Aug 506/8 (7 years, 252 days)

LaurenceLAVRENTIVS c. 460 AD Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire 38 / 46 (†48) Roman. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favor of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.

Abad ke-6[sunting | sunting sumber]

52 20 July 514 –

6 August 523 (9 years, 17 days)

St HormisdasHORMISDAS c. 450 AD Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire 64 / 73 Roman. Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism.
53 13 August 523 –

18 May 526 (2 years, 278 days)

St John IIOANNES c. 470 AD Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire 53 / 56 Roman.
54 12 July 526 –

22 September 530 (4 years, 72 days)

St Felix IVFELIX Quartus c. 490 AD Samnium, Kingdom of Odoacer 36 / 40 Roman. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
55 22 September 530 –

17 October 532 (2 years, 25 days)

Boniface IIBONIFACIVS Secundus c. 490 AD Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer 40 / 42 Ostrogoth; first Germanic pope. Changed the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini.
— 22 September 530 –

14 October 530 (22 days)

DioscoreDIOSCORVS Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire — Greek. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, he died less than a month after his election.
56 2 January 533 –

8 May 535 (2 years, 126 days)

John IIIOANNES Secundus c. 473 AD Rome, Western Roman Empire 63 / 65 Roman. First pope not to use his personal name, as it was associated with a Roman god, Mercury.
57 13 May 535 –

22 April 536 (356 days)

St Agapetus IAGAPETVS c. 490 AD Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer 45 / 46 Roman. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58 8 June 536 –

11 March 537 (276 days)

St SilveriusSILVERIVS c. 480 AD Cicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom 56 / 57 Roman. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son of Hormisdas.
59 29 March 537 –

7 June 555 (18 years, 70 days)

VigiliusVIGILIVS c. 500 AD Rome, Kingdom of Odoacer 37 / 55 Roman. Pope during the Second Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
60 16 April 556 –

4 March 561 (4 years, 322 days)

Pelagius IPELAGIVS c. 505 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 51 / 56 Roman. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
61 17 July 561 –

13 July 574 (12 years, 361 days)

John IIIIOANNES Tertius c. 520 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 41 / 54 Roman. Second Pope not to use his personal name.
62 2 June 575 –

30 July 579 (4 years, 58 days)

Benedict IBENEDICTVS c. 525 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 50 / 54 Roman.
63 26 November 579 –

7 February 590 (10 years, 73 days)

Pelagius IIPELAGIVS Secundus c. 520 AD Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom 59 / 70 Romanized Ostrogoth. Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64 3 September 590 –

12 March 604 (13 years, 191 days)

St Gregory I(Gregory the Great)

GREGORIVS MAGNVS

c. 540 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 50 / 64 Last imperial Roman Pope. Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.

Abad ke-7[sunting | sunting sumber]

65 13 September 604 –

22 February 606 (1 year, 162 days)

SabinianSABINIANVS c. 530 AD Blera, Eastern Roman Empire 74 / 76 Roman. For the next two centuries the Roman popes were all controlled by the Byzantine Empire.
66 19 February 607 –

12 November 607 (266 days)

Boniface IIIBONIFACIVS Tertius c. 540 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 67 / 67 Greek.
67 15 September 608 –

8 May 615 (6 years, 235 days)

St Boniface IVBONIFACIVS Quartus c. 550 AD Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire 58 / 65 Roman. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
68 13 November 615 –

8 November 618 (2 years, 360 days)

St Adeodatus IADEODATVS or DEVSDEDIT c. 570 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 58 Roman. Sometimes called Deusdedit. The first pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called papal bulls.
69 23 December 619 –

25 October 625 (5 years, 306 days)

Boniface VBONIFACIVS Quintus c. 575 AD Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire 44 / 50 Roman.
70 27 October 625 –

12 October 638 (12 years, 350 days)

Honorius IHONORIVS c. 585 AD Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire 40 / 53 Roman. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople. (680)
71 28 May 640 –

2 August 640 (66 days)

SeverinusSEVERINVS c. 585 AD Rome, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 55 Roman.
72 24 December 640 –

12 October 642 (1 year, 292 days)

John IVIOANNES Quartus c. 587 AD Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire 40 / 42 Roman.
73 24 November 642 –

14 May 649 (6 years, 171 days)

Theodore ITHEODORVS c. 610 AD Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire 32 / 39 Greek. The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649, but died before it could open.
74 5 July 649 –

12 November 655 (6 years, 130 days)

St Martin IMARTINVS c. 590 AD Near Tuder, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire 59 / 65 Roman. Last pope recognized as a martyr. Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75 10 August 654 –

2 June 657 (2 years, 296 days)

St Eugene IEVGENIVS c. 615 AD Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

39 / 42 Roman.
76 30 July 657 –

27 January 672 (14 years, 181 days)

St VitalianVITALIANVS c. 600 Signia, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

57 / 72 Roman.
77 11 April 672 –

17 June 676 (4 years, 67 days)

Adeodatus IIADEODATVS Secundus c. 621 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

51 / 55 Roman. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to Adeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
78 2 November 676 –

11 April 678 (1 year, 160 days)

DonusDONVS c. 610 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

66 / 68 Roman.
79 27 June 678 –

10 January 681 (2 years, 197 days)

St AgathoAGATHO c. 577 Panormus, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire 101 / 104 Greek. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the Third Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
80 17 August 682 –

3 July 683 (320 days)

St Leo IILEO Secundus c. 611 Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire 71 / 72 Greek. Feast day 3 July.
81 26 June 684 –

8 May 685 (316 days)

St Benedict IIBENEDICTVS Secundus c. 635 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

49 / 50 Roman. Feast day 7 May.
82 23 July 685 –

2 August 686 (1 year, 10 days)

John VIOANNES Quintus c. 635 Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire 50 / 51 Greek.
83 21 October 686 –

21 September 687 (335 days)

CononCONON c. 630 Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire 56 / 57 Greek.
84 15 December 687 –

8 September 701 (13 years, 267 days)

St Sergius ISERGIVS c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire 37 / 51 Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.

Abad ke-8[sunting | sunting sumber]

85 30 October 701 –

11 January 705 (3 years, 73 days) (1169)

John VIIOANNES Sextus Ioannes c. 650 Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire 46 / 50 Greek. The only pope who came from Asia Minor.
86 1 March 705 –

18 October 707 (2 years, 231 days) (961)

John VIIIOANNES Septimus Ioannes c. 655 Rossanum, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 57 Greek. The second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87 15 January 708 –

4 February 708 (20 days) (20)

SisinniusSISINNIVS Sisinnius c. 650 Syria, Rashidun Caliphate 58 / 58 Syrian.
88 25 March 708 –

9 April 715 (7 years, 15 days) (2571)

ConstantineCONSTANTINVS Constantinus c. 664 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate 44 / 51 Syrian. Last pope to visit Greece while in office, until John Paul II in 2001.
89 19 May 715 –

11 February 731 (15 years, 268 days) (5747)

St Gregory IIGREGORIVS Secundus Gregorius c. 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(Eastern Roman Empire)

46 / 62 Roman. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
90 18 March 731 –

28 November 741 (10 years, 255 days) (3908)

St Gregory IIIGREGORIVS Tertius Gregorius c. 669 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate 41 / 51 Syrian; the last pope from Syria. The third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013.
91 3 December 741 –

22 March 752 (10 years, 110 days) (3762)

St ZacharyZACHARIAS Zacharias c. 679 Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire 62 / 73 Greek. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
— 22 March 752 –

25 March 752 (3) (Never took office as pope)

Stephen

STEPHANUS

Stephanus c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

52 / 52 Roman. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92 26 March 752 –

26 April 757 (5 years, 31 days) (1857)

Stephen IISTEPHANVS Secundus Stephanus c. 714 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

38 / 43 Roman. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.
93 29 May 757 –

28 June 767 (10 years, 30 days) (3682)

St Paul IPAVLVS Paulus c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

57 / 67 Roman. Brother of Stephen II.
94 7 August 768 –

24 January 772 (3 years, 170 days) (1265)

Stephen IIISTEPHANVS Tertius Stephanus c. 723 Syracuse, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire 45 / 49 Greek. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the Lateran Council (769).
95 1 February 772 –

26 December 795 (23 years, 328 days) (8729)

Adrian IHADRIANVS Hadrianus a. 700–12 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

72–60 / 95–83 Roman. Pope during the Second Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
96 26 December 795 –

12 June 816 (20 years, 169 days) (7474)

St Leo IIILEO Tertius Leo c. 750 Rome, Duchy of Rome

(formally Eastern Roman Empire)

45 / 66 Roman. Crowned Charlemagne emperor on Christmas Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the Holy Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its ruler's legitimacy.

Abad ke-9[sunting | sunting sumber]

97 22 June 816 –

24 January 817 (216 days) (216)

Stephen IVSTEPHANVS Quartus c. 770 Rome, Papal States 46 / 47 First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.
98 25 January 817 –

11 February 824 (7 years, 17 days) (2573)

St Paschal IPASCHALIS c. 775 Rome, Papal States 42 / 49 Italian. Son of Bonosus and Episcopa Theodora. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
99 8 May 824 –

27 August 827 (3 years, 111 days) (1206)

Eugene IIEVGENIVS Secundus c. 780 Rome, Papal States 44 / 47 Italian.
100 31 August 827 –

10 October 827 (40 days) (40)

ValentineVALENTINVS c. 780 Rome, Papal States 47 / 47 Italian.
101 20 December 827 –

25 January 844 (16 years, 36 days) (5880)

Gregory IVGREGORIVS Quartus c. 790 Rome, Papal States 37 / 54 Italian. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I.
102 25 January 844 –

27 January 847 (3 years, 2 days) (1098)

Sergius IISERGIVS Secundus c. 790 Rome, Papal States 54 / 57 Italian.
103 10 April 847 –

17 July 855 (8 years, 98 days) (3020)

St Leo IVLEO Quartus c. 790 Rome, Papal States 57 / 65 Lombard. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104 29 September 855 –

17 April 858 (2 years, 200 days) (931)

Benedict IIIBENEDICTVS Tertius c. 810 Rome, Papal States 45 / 48 Italian.
105 24 April 858 –

13 November 867 (9 years, 203 days) (3490)

St Nicholas I(Nicholas the Great)

NICOLAVS MAGNVS

c. 800 Rome, Papal States 39 / 48 Italian. Encouraged missionary activity.
106 14 December 867 –

14 December 872 (5 years, 0 days) (1827)

Adrian IIHADRIANVS Secundus c. 792 Rome, Papal States 75 / 80 Italian. Pope during the Council of Constantinople IV (869), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
107 14 December 872 –

16 December 882 (10 years, 2 days) (3654)

John VIIIIOANNES Octavus c. 820 Rome, Papal States 52 / 62 Italian. First pope to be assassinated.
108 16 December 882 –

15 May 884 (1 year, 151 days) (516)

Marinus IMARINVS c. 830 Gallese, Papal States 52 / 54 Italian. Erroneously also known as Martin II.
109 17 May 884 –

15 September 885 (1 year, 121 days) (486)

St Adrian IIIHADRIANVS Tertius c. 830 Rome, Papal States 49 / 50 Italian. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.
110 14 September 885 –

4 September 891 (5 years, 355 days) (2181)

Stephen VSTEPHANVS Quintus c. 840 Rome, Papal States 45 / 51 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111 6 October 891 –

4 April 896 (4 years, 181 days) (1642)

FormosusFORMOSVS c. 805–16 Ostia, Papal States 75–85 / 80–91 Italian. In early 897 posthumously executed following the Cadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honors in 897.
112 11 April 896 –

26 April 896 (15 days) (15)

Boniface VIBONIFATIVS Sextus c. 806 Rome, Papal States 90 / 90 Italian.
113 22 May 896 –

14 August 897 (1 year, 84 days) (449)

Stephen VISTEPHANVS c. 850 Rome, Papal States 46 / 47 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
114 14 August 897 –

Nov 897 (92 days) (92)

RomanusROMANVS c. 850 Gallese, Papal States 47 / 47 Italian.
115 December 897 –

20 December 897 (19 days) (19)

Theodore IITHEODORVS Secundus c. 840 Rome, Papal States 57 / 57 Greek.
116 18 January 898 –

5 January 900 (1 year, 352 days) (717)

John IXIOANNES Nonus c. 840 Tivoli, Papal States 58 / 60 Lombard. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
117 1 February 900 –

30 July 903 (3 years, 179 days) (1274)

Benedict IVBENEDICTVS Quartus c. 840 Rome, Papal States 60 / 63 Italian.

Abad ke-10[sunting | sunting sumber]

118 30 July 903 –

Dec 903 (124 days) (124)

Leo VLEO Quintus c. 845 Ardea, Papal States 58 / 58 (†59) Italian. Deposed and murdered.
— October 903 –

January 904 (92 days) (92)

ChristopherCHRISTOFORO Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to Leo V.
119 29 January 904 –

14 April 911 (7 years, 75 days) (2632)

Sergius IIISERGIVS Tertius c. 860 Rome, Papal States 44 / 51 Italian. "Saeculum obscurum" begins. The first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara.
120 14 April 911 –

June 913 (2 years, 48 days) (779)

Anastasius IIIANASTASIVS Tertius c. 865 Rome, Papal States 46 / 48 Italian.
121 7 July 913 –

5 February 914 (213 days) (213)

LandoLANDO c. 865 Sabina, Papal States 48 / 49 Italian.
122 March 914 –

28 May 928 (14 years, 88 days) (5202)

John XIOANNES Decimus c. 860 Tossignano, Papal States 54 / 68 Italian.
123 28 May 928 –

Dec 928 (187 days) (187)

Leo VILEO Sextus c. 880 Rome, Papal States 48 / 48 Italian.
124 3 February 929 –

13 February 931 (2 years, 10 days) (740)

Stephen VIISTEPHANVS Septimus c. 880 Rome, Papal States 49 / 51 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125 15 March 931 –

Dec 935 (4 years, 261 days) (1722)

John XIIOANNES Undecimus c. 910 Rome, Papal States 21 / 25 Italian. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Pope Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia's husband.
126 3 January 936 –

13 July 939 (3 years, 191 days) (1287)

Leo VIILEO Septimus c. 885 Rome, Papal States 41 / 44 Italian. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127 14 July 939 –

30 October 942 (3 years, 108 days) (1204)

Stephen VIIISTEPHANVS Octavus c. 900 Rome, Papal States 39 / 42 Italian. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128 30 October 942 –

1 May 946 (3 years, 183 days) (1279)

Marinus IIMARINVS Secundus c. 900 Rome, Papal States 42 / 46 Italian.
129 10 May 946 –

8 November 955 (9 years, 182 days) (3469)

Agapetus IIAGAPETVS Secundus c. 905 Rome, Papal States 41 / 50 Italian.
130 16 December 955 –

6 December 963 (8 years, 356 days) (3278)

John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States 18–25 / 26–33 Italian. Third pope not to use his personal name (Octavian). Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum".
— 6 December 963 –

26 February 964 (82 days) (82)

Leo VIIILEO Octavus c. 915 Rome, Papal States 48 / 49 Italian. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by the modern Catholic Church.
130 26 February 964 –

14 May 964 (78 days) (78)

John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus c. 937 Rome, Papal States 27-34 / 27-34 Italian. Possibly murdered in 964.
131 22 May 964 –

23 June 964 (32 days) (32)

Benedict VBENEDICTVS Quintus c. 915 Rome, Papal States 49 / 49 (†50) Italian. Elected by the people of Rome, in opposition to Leo VIII who was appointed by Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the sole pope.
132 23 June 964 –

1 March 965 (251 days) (251)

Leo VIIILEO Octavus c. 915 Rome, Papal States 49 / 50 Italian. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church. An appointee of Emperor Otto I, his pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum.
133 1 October 965 –

6 September 972 (6 years, 341 days) (2532)

John XIIIIOANNES Tertius Decimus c. 930 Rome, Papal States 35 / 42 Italian. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
134 19 January 973 –

8 June 974 (1 year, 140 days) (505)

Benedict VIBENEDICTVS Sextus c. 925 Rome, Papal States 48 / 49 Lombard. Deposed and murdered.
— July 974 –

July 974 (30 days) (30)

Boniface VIIBONFATIUS Septinus Rome, Papal States — Italian, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII.
135 October 974 –

10 July 983 (8 years, 282 days) (3204)

Benedict VIIBENEDICTVS Septimus c. 930 Rome, Papal States 44 / 53 Italian.
136 December 983 –

20 August 984 (263 days) (263)

John XIVIOANNES Quartus Decimus c. 940 Pavia, Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire 43 / 44 Italian. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).
— 20 August 984 –

20 July 985 (334 days) (334)

Boniface VIIBONFATIUS Septinus Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to John XIV and John XV
137 20 August 985 –

1 April 996 (10 years, 225 days) (3877)

John XVIOANNES Quintus Decimus c. 950 Rome, Papal States 35 / 46 Italian. The first pope to formally canonize a saint.
138 3 May 996 –

18 February 999 (2 years, 291 days) (1021)

Gregory VGREGORIVS Quintus c. 972 Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia, Holy Roman Empire 24 / 27 The first official German pope and fifth not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future popes.
— April 997 –

February 998 (306 days) (306)

John XVIIOANNES Sextus Decimus c. 941 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire 55 / 56 (†60) Greek. In opposition to Gregory V
139 2 April 999 –

12 May 1003 (4 years, 40 days) (1500)

Sylvester IISILVESTER Secundus c. 940–42 Belliac, France 52–54 / 56–58 Born Gerbert, the first French (Occitan) pope.

Alaf ke-2[sunting | sunting sumber]

Abad ke-11[sunting | sunting sumber]

143 18 May 1012 –

9 April 1024 (11 years, 327 days)

Benedict VIIIBENEDICTVS Octavus Teofilatto di Tuscolo c. 980 Rome, Papal States 32 / 44 Italian.
144 14 May 1024 –

6 October 1032 (8 years, 145 days)

John XIXIOANNES Undevicesimus Romano di Tuscolo c. 975 Rome, Papal States 49 / 57 Italian. Brother of Benedict VIII.
145 21 October 1032 –

31 December 1044 (12 years, 71 days)

Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus Teofilatto di Tuscolo Rome, Papal States 20 / 32 (†43) Italian; first term.
146 13 January 1045 –

10 March 1045 (56 days)

Sylvester IIISILVESTER Tertius Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani c. 1000 Rome, Papal States 45 / 45 (†63) Italian. Validity of election questioned; considered antipope; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147 10 March 1045 –

1 May 1045 (52 days)

Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus Teofilatto di Tuscolo Rome, Papal States 33 / 33 (†43) Italian. Second term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
148 5 May 1045 –

20 December 1046 (1 year, 229 days)

Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni c. 1000 Rome, Papal States 45 / 46 (†48) Italian. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.
149 24 December 1046 –

9 October 1047 (289 days)

Clement IICLEMENS Secundus Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire 79 / 80 German. Appointed by King Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as emperor.
150 8 November 1047 –

17 July 1048 (252 days)

Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus Teofilatto di Tuscolo 1012 Rome, Papal States 35 / 36 (†43) Italian. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.
151 17 July 1048 –

9 August 1048 (23 days)

Damasus IIDAMASVS Secundus Poppo de Curagnoni c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire 48 / 48 German.
152 12 February 1049 –

19 April 1054 (5 years, 66 days)

St Leo IXLEO Nonus Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg 21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire 47 / 51 German. In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965.
153 13 April 1055 –

28 July 1057 (2 years, 106 days)

Victor IIVICTOR Secundus Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire 37 / 39 German.
154 2 August 1057 –

29 March 1058 (239 days)

Stephen IXSTEPHANVS Nonus (Decimus) Frederich

O.S.B.

c. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire 37 / 38 German. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
— 4 April 1058 –

24 January 1059 (295 days)

Benedict XBENEDICTVS Decimus Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo Rome, Papal States — Italian. In opposition to Nicholas II.
155 6 December 1058 –

27 July 1061 (2 years, 233 days)

Nicholas IINICOLAVS Secundus Gerald de Bourgogne c. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire 78 / 81 French. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave).
— 30 September 1061 –

1072 (10 years, 185 days)

Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus Pietro Candalus 1010 Verona, Holy Roman Empire 61 / 72 Italian. In opposition to Pope Alexander II
156 30 September 1061 –

21 April 1073 (11 years, 203 days)

Alexander IIALEXANDER Secundus Anselmo da Baggio c. 1018 Baggio, Milan, Holy Roman Empire 46 / 58 Italian. Authorised the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
157 22 April 1073 –

25 May 1085 (12 years, 33 days)

St Gregory VIIGREGORIVS Septimus Ildebrando Aldobrandeschi di Soana

O.S.B.

c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire 48 / 60 Lombard. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
— 25 June 1080 –

8 September 1100 (20 years, 75 days)

Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius Pietro Cadnalus 1010 Verona, Holy Roman Empire 61 / 72 Italian. In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III, Pope Urban II and Pope Paschal II.
158 24 May 1086 –

16 September 1087 (1 year, 115 days)

Bl. Victor III

VICTOR Tertius

Dauferio Epifani Del Zotto

O.S.B.

c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento 60 / 61 Lombard. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay investiture.
159 12 March 1088 –

29 July 1099 (11 years, 139 days)

Bl. Urban II

VRBANVS Secundus

Odon de Lagery

O.S.B.

c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, France 46 / 57 French. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160 13 August 1099 –

21 January 1118 (18 years, 161 days)

Paschal IIPASCHALIS Secundus Rainero Ranieri

O.S.B.

c. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire 49 / 68 Lombard. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.
— 8 September 1100 –

January 1101 (115 days)

TheodoricTHEODORICVS Teodorico c. 1030 Rome, Papal States 70 / 71 Lombard. In opposition to Pope Paschal II

Abad ke-12[sunting | sunting sumber]

— January 1101 –

February 1102 (1 year, 31 days)

AdalbertADALBERTVS Adalberto

O.S.B.

Rome, Papal States — Lombard. In opposition to Pope Paschal II
— 8 November 1105 –

11 April 1111 (5 years, 154 days)

Sylvester IVSILVESTER Quartus Maguinulf 1050 Rome, Papal States 49 / 55 (†56) German. In opposition to Paschal II.
161 24 January 1118 –

29 January 1119 (1 year, 5 days)

Gelasius IIGELASIVS Secundus Giovanni Caetani

O.S.B.

c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta 57 / 58 Italian.
— 10 March 1118 –

20 April 1121 (3 years, 41 days)

Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus Maurice Baurdain c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, France 58 / 61 (†77) French (Occitan). In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II.
162 2 February 1119 –

13 December 1124 (5 years, 315 days)

Callixtus IICALLISTVS Secundus Guy c. 1060 Quingey, Franche-Comté 59 / 64 French. Opened the First Council of the Lateran in 1123.
— 16 December 1124–

16 December 1124 (0 days)

Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus Teobaldo Boccapecora 1050 Rome, Papal States 74 / 74 (†76) French. In opposition to Honorius II.
163 21 December 1124 –

13 February 1130 (5 years, 54 days)

Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano

Can.Reg.

9 February 1060 Fiagnano, Romagna, Holy Roman Empire 64 / 70 Italian. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128.
164 14 February 1130 –

24 September 1143 (13 years, 222 days)

Innocent IIINNOCENTIVS Secundus Gregorio Papareschi

Can.Reg.

c. 1082 Rome, Papal States 48 / 61 Italian. Canon regular of Lateran. Convened the Second Council of the Lateran, 1139.
— 14 February 1130 –

25 January 1138 (7 years, 345 days)

Anacletus IIANACLETUS Secundus Pietro Pierleoni

O.S.B.

1090 Rome, Papal States 40 / 48 Italian. In opposition to Innocent II.
— 23 March 1138 –

25 March 1138 (2 days)

Victor IVVICTOR Quartus Gregorio Conti Rome, Papal States — Italian. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II
165 26 September 1143 –

8 March 1144 (164 days)

Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus Guido Guelfuccio de Castello c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States 58 / 59 Italian.
166 12 March 1144 –

15 February 1145 (340 days)

Lucius IILUCIVS Secundus Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso

Can.Reg.

c. 1079 Bologna, Holy Roman Empire 65 / 66 Italian. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di Lucca.
167 15 February 1145 –

8 July 1153 (8 years, 143 days)

Bl. Eugene III

EVGENIVS Tertius

Pietro dei Paganelli di Montemagno

O.Cist.

c. 1080 Montemagno, Republic of Pisa 44 / 73 Italian. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
168 12 July 1153 –

3 December 1154 (1 year, 144 days)

Anastasius IVANASTASIVS Quartus Corrado Demitri della Suburra c. 1073 Rome, Papal States 80 / 81 Italian.
169 4 December 1154 –

1 September 1159 (4 years, 271 days)

Adrian IVHADRIANVS Quartus Nicholas Breakspear

Can.Reg.

c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England 54 / 59 The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England. Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery.
170 7 September 1159 –

30 August 1181 (21 years, 357 days)

Alexander IIIALEXANDER Tertius Rolando Bandinelli c. 1100 Siena, Republic of Siena 59 / 81 Italian. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran, 1179.
— 7 September 1159 –

20 April 1164 (4 years, 226 days)

Victor IVVICTOR Quartus Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli 1095 Rome, Papal States 64 / 69 Italian. In opposition to Pope Alexander III.
— 28 April 1164 –

22 September 1168 (4 years, 147 days)

Paschal IIIPASCALIS Tertius Guido di Crema 1110 Rome, Papal States 54 / 58 Italian. In opposition to Alexander III.
— 30 September 1168 –

29 August 1178 (9 years, 333 days)

Callixtus IIICALLIXTVS Tertius Giovanni di Struma

O.S.B.

1090 Rome, Papal States 78 / 88 Italian. In opposition to Alexander III.
— 29 September 1179 –

January 1180 (124 days)

Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Lando di Sezze (or Lanzo) 1120 Sezze, Papal States 59 / 60 (†63) Italian. In opposition to Alexander III.
171 1 September 1181 –

25 November 1185 (4 years, 85 days)

Lucius IIILUCIVS Tertius Ubaldo Allucignoli c. 1097 Lucca, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire 84 / 88 Italian.
172 25 November 1185 –

20 October 1187 (1 year, 329 days)

Urban IIIVRBANVS Tertius Uberto Crivelli c. 1120 Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire 67 / 67 Italian.
173 21 October 1187 –

17 December 1187 (57 days)

Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus Alberto de Morra

Can.Reg.

c. 1100 Benevento, Papal States 87 / 87 Italian. Canon Regular Premostratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.
174 19 December 1187 –

20 March 1191 (3 years, 91 days)

Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius Paolo Scolari c. 1130 Rome, Papal States 57 / 61 Italian.
175 30 March 1191 –

8 January 1198 (6 years, 284 days)

Celestine IIICOELESTINVS Tertius Giacinto Bobone Orsini c. 1106 Rome, Papal States 85 / 92 Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis tuis ("Going in Thy path")

Italian.

176 8 January 1198 –

16 July 1216 (18 years, 190 days)

Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Lotario dei Conti di Segni 1161 Gavignano, Papal States 37 / 55 Italian. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead intended to sack Christian cities. Endorsed the Franciscan Order.

Abad ke-13[sunting | sunting sumber]

177 18 July 1216 –

18 March 1227 (10 years, 243 days)

Honorius IIIHONORIVSTertius Cencio Savelli c. 1148–50 Rome, Papal States 66–68 / 77–79 Italian. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178 19 March 1227 –

22 August 1241 (14 years, 156 days)

Gregory IXGREGORIVS Nonus Ugolino dei Conti di Segni, O.F.S c. 1145–70 Anagni, Papal States 57–82 / 71–96 Italian. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
179 25 October 1241 –

10 November 1241 (16 days)

Celestine IVCOELESTINVS Quartus Goffredo Castiglioni c. 1180–87 Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire 54–61 / 54–61 Italian. Died before coronation.
180 25 June 1243 –

7 December 1254 (11 years, 165 days)

Innocent IVINNOCENTIVS Quartus Sinibaldo Fieschi c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire 48 / 60 Italian. Convened the First Council of Lyons (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted the torture of heretics (1252).
181 12 December 1254 –

25 May 1261 (6 years, 164 days)

Alexander IVALEXANDER Quartus Rinaldo dei Conti di Jenne c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States 55 / 62 Italian. Established an Inquisition in France.
182 29 August 1261 –

2 October 1264 (3 years, 34 days)

Urban IVVRBANVS Quartus Jacques Pantaléon c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, France 66 / 69 French. Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183 5 February 1265 –

29 November 1268 (3 years, 298 days)

Clement IVCLEMENSQuartus Gui Faucoi 23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France 62 / 66 French.
— 29 November 1268 –

1 September 1271 (2 years, 276 days)

Interregnum Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184 1 September 1271 –

10 January 1276 (4 years, 131 days)

Bl. Gregory X

GREGORIVS Decimus

Tebaldo Visconti, O.F.S c. 1210 Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire 51 / 66 Italian. Convened the Second Council of Lyons (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves until the 20th century.
185 21 January 1276 –

22 June 1276 (153 days)

Bl. Innocent V

INNOCENTIVS Quintus

Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P. c. 1224/5 County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire 52 / 52 French. Member of the Dominican Order.
186 11 July 1276 –

18 August 1276 (38 days)

Adrian VHADRIANVS Quintus Ottobuono Fieschi c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire 60 / 60 Italian. Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on the regulations of papal conclaves.
187 8 September 1276 –

20 May 1277 (254 days)

John XXIIOANNES Vicesimus Primus Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and Pedro Hispano) c. 1215 Lisbon, Portugal 60 / 70 Portuguese. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.
188 25 November 1277 –

22 August 1280 (2 years, 271 days)

Nicholas IIINICOLAVSTertius Giovanni Gaetano Orsini c. 1216 Rome, Papal States 61 / 64 Italian. Planned the Sicilian Vespers.
189 22 February 1281 –

28 March 1285 (4 years, 34 days)

Martin IVMARTINVS Quartus Simon de Brion c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, France 71 / 75 French.
190 2 April 1285 –

3 April 1287 (2 years, 1 day)

Honorius IVHONORIVS Quartus Giacomo Savelli c. 1210 Rome, Papal States 75 / 77 Italian.
191 22 February 1288 –

4 April 1292 (4 years, 42 days)

Nicholas IVNICOLAVS Quartus Girolamo Masci, O.F.M. 30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States 60 / 64 Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order.
— 4 April 1292 –

5 July 1294 (2 years, 92 days)

Interregnum Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192 5 July 1294 –

13 December 1294 (161 days)

St Celestine VCOELESTINVS Quintus Pietro Angelerio, O.S.B. c. 1207–09 Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily 85–87 / 85–87 (†87–89) Italian. One of the few popes who abdicated voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Resigned from office and rumored to have been murdered in prison by Boniface VIII.
193 24 December 1294 –

11 October 1303 (8 years, 291 days)

Boniface VIIIBONIFATIVS Octavus Benedetto Caetani c. 1230–36 Anagni, Papal States 59–64 / 68–73 Italian. Formalized the Jubilee in 1300. Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme.

Abad ke-14[sunting | sunting sumber]

194 22 October 1303 –

7 July 1304 (259 days)

Bl. Benedict XI

BENEDICTVS Undecimus

Niccolò Boccasini, O.P. c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States 63 / 64 Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your Face shine upon Your servant")

Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam Sanctam.

195 5 June 1305 –

20 April 1314 (8 years, 319 days)

Clement VCLEMENS Quintus Raymond Bertrand de Gouth c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France 41 / 50 French. Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
— 20 April 1314 –

7 August 1316 (2 years, 79 days)

Interregnum Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196 7 August 1316 –

4 December 1334 (18 years, 119 days)

John XXIIIOANNES Vicesimus Secundus Jacques d'Euse; Jacques Duèse c. 1244–49 Cahors, Quercy, France 67–72 / 85–90 French. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the Beatific Vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power
— 12 May 1328–

25 July 1330 (2 years, 74 days)

Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus Pietro Rainalducci,

O.F.M.

1260 Corvaro, Papal States 68 / 70 (†73) Italian. In opposition to John XXII.
197 20 December 1334 –

25 April 1342 (7 years, 126 days)

Benedict XIIBENEDICTVS Duodecimus Jacques Fournier, O.Cist. c. 1280–85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France 49–54 / 57–62 French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.
198 7 May 1342 –

6 December 1352 (10 years, 213 days)

Clement VICLEMENS Sextus Pierre Roger, O.S.B. c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, France 51 / 61 French. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died of it of their sins.
199 18 December 1352 –

12 September 1362 (9 years, 268 days)

Innocent VIINNOCENTIVS Sextus Étienne Aubert c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France 70 / 80 French. Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was brought about.
200 28 September 1362 –

19 December 1370 (8 years, 82 days)

Bl. Urban V

VRBANVS Quintus

Guillaume (de) Grimoard, O.S.B. c. 1309–10 Grizac, Languedoc, France 52–53 / 60–61 French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
201 30 December 1370 –

27 March 1378 (7 years, 87 days)

Gregory XIGREGORIVS Undecimus Pierre Roger de Beaufort c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, France 41 / 49 French. Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The last French pope.
202 8 April 1378 –

15 October 1389 (11 years, 190 days)

Urban VIVRBANVS Sextus Bartolomeo Prignano c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples 60 / 71 Italian. Western Schism. Last pontiff to be elected outside the College of Cardinals.
— 20 September 1378 –

16 September 1394 (15 years, 353 days)

Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus Robert de Genève 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E. 36 / 52 French. In opposition to Urban VI (1378–89) and Boniface IX (1389–1404)
— 28 September 1394 –

23 May 1423 (28 years, 237 days)

Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor 25 November 1328 Illueca, Aragon 66 / 94 Spanish. In opposition to Boniface IX (1389–1404), Innocent VII (1404–06), Gregory XII (1406–15), Martin V (1417–31) and Pisan Antipopes Alexander V (1409–10) and John XXIII (1410–15)
203 2 November 1389 –

1 October 1404 (14 years, 334 days)

Boniface IXBONIFATIVS Nonus Pietro Tomacelli Cybo c. 1348–50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples c. 39-41 / c. 54-56 Italian of Greek descent. Western Schism.

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204 17 October 1404 –

6 November 1406 (2 years, 20 days)

Innocent VIIINNOCENTIVS Septimus Cosimo Gentile Migliorati 1336–39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples 65–68 / 67–71 Italian. Reigned during the Western Schism.
205 30 November 1406 –

4 July 1415 (8 years, 216 days)

Gregory XIIGREGORIVS Duodecimus Angelo Correr 14 May 1324 Venice, Republic of Venice 82 / 91 (†92) Italian. Reigned during the Western Schism.
— 30 June 1409 –

3 May 1410 (307 days)

Alexander VALEXANDER Quintus Pétros Philárgēs,

O.F.M.

1339 Candia Lomellina, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan 70 / 71 Greek. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day.
— 25 May 1410 –

30 May 1415 (5 years, 5 days)

John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius Baldassarre Cossa 1365 Procida, Naples 45 / 50 (†54) Italian. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened Council of Constance. Abdicated. Became dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
— 4 July 1415 –

11 November 1417 (2 years, 136 days)

Interregnum Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The Council of Constance called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) and John XXIII (Pisan) abdicated. The Council finally excommunicated Benedict XIII (Avignon) and elected a new pope.
206 11 November 1417 –

20 February 1431 (13 years, 101 days)

Martin VMARTINVS Quintus Oddone Colonna, O.F.S Jan/Feb 1369 Genazzano, Papal States 48 / 62 Italian. His election effectively ended the Western Schism (1378–1417). Convened the Council of Basel (1431). Initiated the Hussite Wars.
— 10 or 20 June 1423 –

26 July 1429 (6 years, 36 days)

Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón 1369 Teruel, Aragon 54 / 60 (†77) Spanish. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V.
1424 –

1429

Antipope Benedict XIV Bernard Garnier France Two antipope claimants
1430 –

1437

Antipope Benedict XIV Jean Carrier France Two antipope claimants
207 3 March 1431 –

23 February 1447 (15 years, 357 days)

Eugene IVEVGENIVS Quartus Gabriele Condulmer, O.S.A. 1383 Venice, Republic of Venice 47 / 63 Italian. Member of the Augustinian Order. Nephew of Gregory XII. Crowned Emperor Sigismund at Rome in 1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague. Issued the bull "Creator Omnium", rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer those islands, still pagan. He excommunicated anyone who enslaved newly converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their liberty and possessions
— 5 November 1439 –

7 April 1449 (9 years, 153 days)

Felix VFELIX Quintus Amadeus 4 September 1383 Chambéry, France 56 / 65 (†67) French. In opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Also ruled as count of Savoy.
208 6 March 1447 –

24 March 1455 (8 years, 18 days)

Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus Tommaso Parentucelli 13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa 49 / 57 Italian. Held the Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Emperor Frederick III at Rome (1452). Issued the bull Dum Diversas allowing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library in the Vatican which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209 8 April 1455 –

6 August 1458 (3 years, 120 days)

Callixtus IIICALLISTVS Tertius Alfonso de Borja 31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon 76 / 79 The first Spanish (Valencian) pope. Ordered the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was vindicated. Initiated the custom that bells be rung at midday to remind the faithful to pray for the crusaders. The tradition of the Angelus noon bell still exists in most Catholic Churches to this day. Appointed two nephews as cardinals, one of whom became Pope Alexander VI.
210 19 August 1458 –

15 August 1464 (5 years, 362 days)

Pius IIPIVS Secundus Enea Silvio Piccolomini 18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena 52 / 58 Italian. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.
211 30 August 1464 –

26 July 1471 (6 years, 330 days)

Paul IIPAVLVS Secundus Pietro Barbo 23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice 47 / 54 Italian. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212 9 August 1471 –

12 August 1484 (13 years, 3 days)

Sixtus IVSYXTVS Quartus Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M. 21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa 57 / 70 Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel and created the Vatican Archives. Authorized the Spanish Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. A patron of the arts, he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Noted for his nepotism and involved in the Pazzi conspiracy.
213 29 August 1484 –

25 July 1492 (7 years, 331 days)

Innocent VIIIINNOCENTIVS Octavus Giovanni Battista Cybo 1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa 51 / 59 Italian. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214 11 August 1492 –

18 August 1503 (11 years, 7 days)

Alexander VIALEXANDER Sextus Roderic Llançol i de Borja 1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, Crown of Aragon 61 / 72 Spanish (Valencian); Nephew of Callixtus III; father to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera (1493). Considered one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate

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215 22 September 1503 –

18 October 1503 (26 days)

Pius IIIPIVS Tertius Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini 29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena 64 / 64 Italian. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral.
216 31 October 1503 –

21 February 1513 (9 years, 113 days)

Julius IIIVLIVS Secundus Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M. 5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa 59 / 69 Italian. Nicknamed the 'Warrior Pope' or the 'Fearsome Pope'. Nephew of Sixtus IV; convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Became Pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guards for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas, establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the catholicization of Latin America. In 1508, he commissioned the Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel.

Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church which would be used for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica.

217 9 March 1513 –

1 December 1521 (8 years, 267 days)

Leo XLEO Decimus Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici 11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence 37 / 45 Italian. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganised the Roman University, and promoted the study of literature, poetry and antiquities. The last pope to not have been in priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.
218 9 January 1522 –

14 September 1523 (1 year, 248 days)

Adrian VIHADRIANVS Sextus Aryaen Floriszoon Boeyens 2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands) 62 / 64 Motto: Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait")

The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for having attempted to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg.

His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.

219 26 November 1523 –

25 September 1534 (10 years, 303 days)

Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici 26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence 45 / 56 Motto: Candor illæsus ("Unharmed candor")

Italian. Cousin of Leo X. Rome sacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as emperor at Bologna (1530). Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved Copernicus’ heliocentric universe theory (1533). His niece was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).

220 13 October 1534 –

10 November 1549 (15 years, 28 days)

Paul IIIPAVLVS Tertius Alessandro Farnese 29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States 66 / 81 Italian. Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of King Henry VIII of England. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546). Recognized the Order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).
221 7 February 1550 –

29 March 1555 (5 years, 50 days)

Julius IIIIVLIVS Tertius Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte 10 September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 62 / 67 Italian. Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). Reconvened the Council of Trent. The Innocenzo Scandal.
222 9 April 1555 –

1 May 1555 (22 days)

Marcellus IIMARCELLVS Secundus Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi 6 May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States 53 / 53 Italian. The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his honour.
223 23 May 1555 –

18 August 1559 (4 years, 87 days)

Paul IVPAVLVS Quartus Giovanni Pietro Carafa, C.R. 28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples 78 / 83 Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper")

Italian. Member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and established the Index of Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes of The Last Judgment modestly.

224 26 December 1559 –

9 December 1565 (5 years, 348 days)

Pius IVPIVS Quartus Giovanni Angelo Medici 31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan 60 / 66 Italian. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
225 7 January 1566 –

1 May 1572 (6 years, 115 days)

St Pius VPIVS Quintus Antonio Ghislieri, O.P. 17 January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan 61 / 68 Motto: Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to keep")

Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England (1570). Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal.

226 13 May 1572 –

10 April 1585 (12 years, 332 days)

Gregory XIIIGREGORIVS Tertius Decimus Ugo Boncompagni 7 January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 70 / 83 Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed")

Italian. Reformed the calendar (1582); built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as patroness to the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations.

227 24 April 1585 –

27 August 1590 (5 years, 125 days)

Sixtus VSYXTVS Quintus Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv. 13 December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States 63 / 68 Italian. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of curial congregations.
228 15 September 1590 –

27 September 1590 (12 days)

Urban VIIVRBANVS Septimus Giovanni Battista Castagna 4 August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 69 / 69 Italian. Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229 5 December 1590 –

16 October 1591 (315 days)

Gregory XIVGREGORIVS Quartus Decimus Niccolò Sfondrati 11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan 55 / 56 Italian. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591). Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication.
230 29 October 1591 –

30 December 1591 (62 days)

Innocent IXINNOCENTIVS Nonus Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti 20 July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 72 / 72 Italian. Supported the cause of King Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League against King Henry IV of France in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property.
231 30 January 1592 –

3 March 1605 (13 years, 32 days)

Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus Ippolito Aldobrandini 24 February 1536 Fano, Marche, Papal States 55 / 69 Italian. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.

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232 1 April 1605 –

27 April 1605 (26 days)

Leo XILEO Undecimus Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici 2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence 69 / 69 Italian. The great-nephew of Leo X. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief pontificate.
233 16 May 1605 –

28 January 1621 (15 years, 257 days)

Paul VPAVLVS Quintus Camillo Borghese 17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 52 / 68 Motto: Absit nisi in te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in you")

Italian. Known for various building projects which included the facade of St Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana.

234 9 February 1621 –

8 July 1623 (2 years, 149 days)

Gregory XVGREGORIVS Quintus Decimus Alessandro Ludovisi 9 January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 67 / 69 Italian. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against magicians and witches (1623).
235 6 August 1623 –

29 July 1644 (20 years, 358 days)

Urban VIIIVRBANVS Octavus Maffeo Barberini 5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany 55 / 76 Italian. Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication.
236 15 September 1644 –

7 January 1655 (10 years, 114 days)

Innocent XINNOCENTIVS Decimus Giovanni Battista Pamphilj 6 May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 70 / 80 Motto: Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram ("Water on earth")

Italian. The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy.

237 7 April 1655 –

22 May 1667 (12 years, 45 days)

Alexander VIIALEXANDER Septimus Fabio Chigi 13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany 56 / 68 Italian. Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later.
238 20 June 1667 –

9 December 1669 (2 years, 172 days)

Clement IXCLEMENS Nonus Giulio Rospigliosi 28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany 67 / 69 Motto: Aliis non sibi Clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself")

Italian. Mediated in the peace of Aachen (1668).

239 29 April 1670 –

22 July 1676 (6 years, 84 days)

Clement XCLEMENS Decimus Emilio Bonaventura Altieri 13 July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States 79 / 86 Motto: Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil")

Italian. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St. Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and added one of the two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries.

240 21 September 1676 –

12 August 1689 (12 years, 325 days)

Bl. Innocent XI

INNOCENTIVS Undecimus

Benedetto Odescalchi 16 May 1611 Como, Lombardy, Duchy of Milan 65 / 78 Motto: Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied")

Italian. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.

241 6 October 1689 –

1 February 1691 (1 year, 118 days)

Alexander VIIIALEXANDER Octavus Pietro Vito Ottoboni 22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice 79 / 80 Italian. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
242 12 July 1691 –

27 September 1700 (9 years, 77 days)

Innocent XIIINNOCENTIVS Duodecimus Antonio Pignatelli, O.F.S 13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples 76 / 85 Italian. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various charitable and educational institutions.

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243 23 November 1700 –

19 March 1721 (20 years, 116 days)

Clement XICLEMENS Undecimus Giovanni Francesco Albani 23 July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States 51 / 71 Italian. The Chinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of the Immaculate Conception universal.
244 8 May 1721 –

7 March 1724 (2 years, 304 days)

Innocent XIIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus Michelangelo dei Conti 13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States 65 / 68 Italian. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici Ministerii (1724) to revive ecclesiastical discipline in Spain.
245 29 May 1724 –

21 February 1730 (5 years, 268 days)

S.D. Benedict XIII

BENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus

Pietro Francesco Orsini, O.P. 2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples 75 / 81 Italian. Member of the Dominican Order; third and last member of the Orsini family to be pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII.
246 12 July 1730 –

6 February 1740 (9 years, 209 days)

Clement XIICLEMENS Duodecimus Lorenzo Corsini, O.F.S 7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany 78 / 87 Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil")

Italian. Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).

247 17 August 1740 –

3 May 1758 (17 years, 259 days)

Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini 31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States 65 / 83 Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed")

Italian. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of art, religion and science.

248 6 July 1758 –

2 February 1769 (10 years, 211 days)

Clement XIIICLEMENS Tertius Decimus Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico 7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice 65 / 75 Italian. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765).
249 19 May 1769 –

22 September 1774 (5 years, 126 days)

Clement XIVCLEMENS Quartus Decimus Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv. 31 October 1705 Sant'

Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States

63 / 68 Italian. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773).
250 15 February 1775 –

29 August 1799 (24 years, 195 days)

Pius VIPIVS Sextus Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi 25 December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States 57 / 81 Motto: Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God")

Italian. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.

— 29 August 1799 –

14 March 1800 (197 days) (197)

Interregnum Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.

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No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
251 14 Mac 1800 –

20 Ogos 1823

(23 tahun, 159 hari)

(8559)

S.D. Pius VII Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B. 14 Ogos 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Negeri-Negeri Paus
252 28 September 1823 –

10 Februari 1829

(5 tahun, 135 hari)

(1962)

Leo XII Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga 22 Ogos 1760
Genga, Marche, Negeri-Negeri Paus
253 31 Mac 1829 –

30 November 1830

(1 tahun, 244 hari)

(609)

Pius VIII Francesco Saverio Castiglioni 20 November 1761
Cingoli, Marche, Negeri-Negeri Paus
254 2 Februari 1831 –

1 Jun 1846

(15 tahun, 119 hari)

(5598)

Gregorius XVI Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam. 18 September 1765
Belluno, Veneto, Republik Venezia
255 16 Jun 1846 –

7 Februari 1878

(31 tahun, 236 hari)

(11559)

Pius IX Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, O.F.S. 13 Mei 1792
Senigallia, Marche, Negeri-Negeri Paus
256 20 Februari 1878 –

20 Julai 1903

(25 tahun, 150 hari)

(9280)

Leo XIII Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci, O.F.S. 2 Mac 1810
Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Empayar Perancis Pertama

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No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
257 4 Ogos 1903 –

20 Ogos 1914

(11 tahun, 16 hari)

(4034)

Pius X Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S. 2 Jun 1835

Riese, Treviso, Kerajaan Lombardy–Venetia

258 3 September 1914 –

22 Jan 1922

(7 tahun, 141 hari)

(2698)

Benedictus XV Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S. 21 November 1854

Pegli, Genoa, Kerajaan Sardinia

259 6 Februari 1922 –

10 Feb 1939

(17 tahun, 4 hari)

(6213)

Pius XI Achille Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S 31 Mei 1857 Desio, Milan,

Kerajaan Lombardy–Venetia

260 2 Mac 1939 –

9 Oct 1958

(19 tahun, 221 hari)

(7161)

Pius XII Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S 2 Mac 1876

Rom, Itali

261 28 Oktober 1958 –

3 Jun 1963

(4 tahun, 218 hari)

(1679)

Ioannes XXIII Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S 25 November 1881

Sotto il Monte, Bergamo, Itali

262 21 Jun 1963 –

6 Ogos 1978

(15 tahun, 46 hari)

(5525)

Paulus VI Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini 26 September 1897

Concesio, Brescia, Itali

263 26 Ogos 1978 –

28 Sep 1978

(33 hari)

(33)

Ioannes Paulus I Albino Luciani 17 October 1912

Forno di Canale, Belluno, Itali

264 16 Oktober 1978 –

2 April 2005

(26 tahun, 168 hari)

(9665)

Ioannes Paulus II Karol Józef Wojtyła 20 Mei 1920

Wadowice, Poland

Alaf ke-3[sunting | sunting sumber]

Abad ke-21[sunting | sunting sumber]

No. Tempoh Gambar Nama paus Nama lahir Tempat lahir
265 19 April 2005 –

28 Feb 2013

(7 tahun, 315 hari)

(2872)

Benedictus XVI Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger (1927-04-16) 16 April 1927 (umur 96)

Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Jerman

266 13 Mac 2013 –

kini

(10 tahun, 203 hari)

(3855)

Franciscus Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J. (1936-12-17) 17 Disember 1936 (umur 86)

Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Nota[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Now Bethsaida, Galilee, Israel.
  2. ^ Now Volterra, Italy.
  3. ^ a b Now Athens, Greece.
  4. ^ a b c Now Rome, Italy.
  5. ^ Now Bethlehem, Israel.
  6. ^ a b Now Aquileia, Italy.
  7. ^ Now Homs, Syria.
  8. ^ Nicopolis is now a Roman ruin near the city of Preveza, Greece.
  9. ^ It is not clear when Pope Victor I was born, and where he was born, although some[3] suggest he was born in Leptis Magna, now a part of Libya.

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Khusus[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012
  2. ^ "Corrections Made to Official List of Popes". ZENIT. 5 June 2001. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 19 January 2009. Dicapai pada 21 October 2008.
  3. ^ Fisher, Max (13 March 2013). "WorldViews Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope". The Washington Post. Dicapai pada 24 November 2017.

Umum[sunting | sunting sumber]

  • The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
  • The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
  • Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
  • Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
  • I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
  • Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
  • Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]


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