Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo British

Pendudukan Jepun di British Borneo (British Borneo Utara, Brunei, Labuan dan Sarawak)
Borneo Utara (北ボルネオ, *Kita Boruneo*)
Pendudukan Jepun di British Borneo (British Borneo Utara, Brunei, Labuan dan Sarawak) Borneo Utara (北ボルネオ, Kita Boruneo)
1941–1945
Bendera lebangsaan	Jata
	Cogan kata: 八紘一宇 (Hakkō Ichiu); ("Lapan Mahkota, Satu Bumbung")
	Lagu kebangsaan: Kimigayo ; (1941–1945)
	Harta benda Jepun di Borneo British, termasuk Borneo Belanda pada tahun 1943
Status	Pendudukan ketenteraan oleh Empayar Jepun
Ibu negara	Kuching
Bahasa yang umum digunakan	Jepun (rasmi); Melayu; Cina; Bahasa-bahasa orang asli Borneo
Kerajaan	Pendudukan ketenteraan
Empayar
• 1941–1945	Shōwa (Hirohito)
Gabenor-Jeneral
• 1941–1942	Kiyotake Kawaguchi
• 1942	Toshinari Maeda
• 1942–1944	Masataka Yamawaki
• 1944–1945	Masao Baba
Perdana Menteri
• 1941–1944	Hideki Tōjō
• 1944–1945	Kuniaki Koiso
• 1945	Kantarō Suzuki
Era Sejarah	Perang Dunia II
• Perang Pasifik bermula	8 Disember 1941
• Tentera Jepun mendarat di Miri	16 Disember 1941
• Tentera British menyerah	1 April 1942
• Pembebasan bersekutu Borneo utara	10 Jun 1945
• Penyerahan kalah Jepun	15 Ogos 1945
• Pentadbiran Tentera British ditubuhkan	12 September 1945
• Kembali ke kedudukan pentadbiran pra-perang	1 April 1946
Populasi
• 1945	950000
Mata wang	Dolar keluaran Jepun ("Wang pisang")
Didahului oleh	Diganti oleh
	Kerajaan Sarawak
	Brunei
	Borneo Utara
	Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Labuan
Pentadbiran Tentera British (Borneo)
Sekarang sebahagian dari	Brunei; Malaysia

Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo merujuk kepada tempoh antara tahun 1941 hingga 1945 semasa Perang Dunia Kedua, apabila Tentera Imperial Jepun menakluk dan memerintah pulau Borneo. Sebelum perang, pulau ini dibahagikan kepada beberapa wilayah yang dikuasai oleh kuasa penjajah Barat.

Latar belakang

Sebelum tercetusnya Perang Dunia Kedua di Pasifik, pulau Borneo dibahagikan kepada lima wilayah. Empat wilayah di bahagian utara berada di bawah kawalan British — Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan dan Borneo Utara British — manakala bahagian selatan pulau ini merupakan wilayah Hindia Timur Belanda.

Penaklukan Jepun

Pada 16 Disember 1941, pasukan Jepun mendarat di Miri, sebahagian daripada wilayah utara British, dari Teluk Cam Ranh di Indochina Perancis. Selepas pendaratan tersebut, tentera Jepun mengambil masa kurang daripada sebulan untuk menawan semua wilayah utama di pulau Borneo.

Selepas penaklukan, pihak Jepun menamakan semula bahagian utara sebagai Borneo Utara (北ボルネオ Kita Boruneo), pulau Labuan sebagai Pulau Maida (前田島 Maeda-shima), dan wilayah Belanda di selatan sebagai Borneo Selatan (南ボルネオ Minami Boruneo). Buat pertama kali dalam sejarah moden, seluruh pulau Borneo berada di bawah satu pentadbiran — pemerintahan kolonial Jepun — dengan semua penduduknya menjadi rakyat jajahan Maharaja Jepun.

Pentadbiran Jepun

Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo berlangsung selama tiga tahun. Dalam tempoh ini, pihak berkuasa Jepun berusaha memperkenalkan budaya Jepun melalui dasar penjepunan, termasuk mewajibkan penduduk tempatan mengikuti kelas bahasa Jepun.

Jepun membahagikan wilayah utara kepada lima wilayah pentadbiran (shu 洲) dan membina beberapa lapangan terbang bagi tujuan ketenteraan. Beberapa kem tahanan perang juga ditubuhkan di seluruh pulau untuk menahan pegawai penjajah Barat serta anggota gerakan bawah tanah yang menentang pemerintahan Jepun. Walaupun begitu, sebahagian besar pemimpin Melayu tempatan dikekalkan dalam jawatan mereka di bawah pengawasan ketat pihak Jepun, manakala tenaga kerja diisi oleh pekerja dari pelbagai latar belakang Asia.

Pembebasan Borneo

Menjelang akhir tahun 1945, pasukan Australia mula dikerahkan ke Borneo dengan bantuan kapal selam Amerika Syarikat. Unit Khas Bersekutu Z (Allied Z Special Unit) menjalankan operasi perisikan dan melatih kira-kira seribu orang asli untuk menentang Jepun melalui perang gerila dalam Kempen Borneo.

Pertempuran besar di Borneo Utara dan Labuan bermula pada 10 Jun 1945, melibatkan gabungan pasukan Australia dan Amerika Syarikat. Pulau Borneo akhirnya dibebaskan, dan pentadbiran tentera Jepun digantikan dengan Pentadbiran Tentera British pada 12 September 1945.

Lihat juga

Nota

^ 日本サラワク協会 1998.
^ Kratoska 2013, m/s. 111.
^ Vinogradov 1980, m/s. 73.

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Pautan luar

Kategori berkaitan Japanese occupation of British Borneo di Wikimedia Commons

Ralat petik: Tag <ref> wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "note", tetapi tiada tag <references group="note"/> yang berpadanan disertakan

[FOOTNOTE日本サラワク協会1998-1] 日本サラワク協会 1998.

[FOOTNOTEKratoska2013111-2] Kratoska 2013, m/s. 111.

[FOOTNOTEVinogradov198073-4] Vinogradov 1980, m/s. 73.

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[note 1]

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