Perjanjian Ottawa

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Perjanjian Ottawa
(Mine Ban Treaty)
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction
Ditandatangani 3 Disember 1997 di Ottawa, Kanada
Berkuat kuasa 1 Mac 1999
Syarat Dimenterai oleh 40 negara
Penandatangan 133
Pihak 156 (Senarai lengkap)
Pemegang simpanan Setiausaha Agung Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu
sunting
Lihat pendokumenan templat ini
  •      Negara-negara peserta Perjanjian Ottawa

    • Perjanjian Ottawa, atau nama penuhnya Konvensyen Larangan terhadap Penggunaan, Simpanan Stok, Pembuatan dan Pemindahan Periuk Api Pembinasa Anggota, dan Pemusnahannya (bahasa Inggeris: Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction), mengharamkan segala periuk api pembinasa anggota. Tepat pada Mei 2009, perjanjian ini disertai oleh 156 negara. Dua buah negara telah menandatanganinya tetapi belum meratifikasinya. 37 buah negara, termasuk Republik Rakyat China, Cuba, Mesir, Finland, India, Iran, Israel, Lubnan, Libya, Korea Utara, Pakistan, Rusia, Syria dan Amerika Syarikat, tidak menyertai Konvensyen ini. Pada tahun 2009, Rwanda menjadi negara pertama yang disahkan bebas periuk api.

    Pelaksanaan[sunting | sunting sumber]

    Selain menghentikan penghasilan dan pembangunan periuk api pembinasa anggota, sesebuah peserta perjanjian harus memusnahkan semua periuk api pembinasa anggota yang dimilikinya dalam masa empat tahun, kecuali sebilangan kecil periuk api yang dibenarkan penyimpanannya untuk tujuan latihan (pemugaran, pengesanan, dsb.) Dalam masa sepuluh tahun selepas menandatangani perjanjian ini, negara peserta sewajarnya memugarkan segala kawasannya yang ditanam periuk api. Memang susah untuk dilakukan bagi setiap negara, tetapi mereka boleh meminta bantuan ataupun lanjutan tempoh di mesyuarat tahunan.

    Perjanjian ini hanya meliputi periuk api pembinasa anggota. Periuk api campuran, periuk api pembinasa kereta kebal, periuk api claymore kawalan jauh, peranti (jerangkap samar) dan peranti-peranti letupan "statik" pembinasa anggota yang lain tidak diliputi oleh perjanjian ini.

    Peserta[sunting | sunting sumber]

    Negara yang memeterai/menyetujui[sunting | sunting sumber]

    Negara Ditandatangani Dikuatkuasakan Cara
     Afghanistan Sep 11, 2002 Penyetujuan
     Afrika Selatan Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 26, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Albania Sep 8, 1998 Feb 29, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Algeria Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Andorra Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 29, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Angola Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 5, 2002 Ratifikasi
     Antigua dan Barbuda Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 3, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Argentina Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 14, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Australia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 14, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Austria Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 29, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Bahamas Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 31, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Belanda Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 12, 1999 Penerimaan
     Bangladesh Mei 7, 1998 Sep 6, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Barbados Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 26, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Belarus Sep 3, 2003 Penyetujuan
     Belgium Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 4, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Belize Feb 27, 1998 Apr 23, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Benin Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 25, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Bhutan Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Penyetujuan
     Bolivia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 9, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Bosnia dan Herzegovina Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 8, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Botswana Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Brazil Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 30, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Brunei Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 24, 2006 Ratifikasi
     Bulgaria Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 4, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Burkina Faso Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 16, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Burundi Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Cameroon Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 19, 2002 Ratifikasi
     Chad Jul 6, 1998 Mei 6, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Chile Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 10, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Colombia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 6, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Comoros Sep 19, 2002 Penyetujuan
     Congo Mei 4, 2001 Penyetujuan
     Costa Rica Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Côte d'Ivoire Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 30, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Croatia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 20, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Cyprus Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 17, 2003 Ratifikasi
     Denmark Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 8, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Djibouti Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 18, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Dominika Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Ecuador Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 29, 1999 Ratifikasi
     El Salvador Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 27, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Eritrea Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Penyetujuan
     Estonia Mei 12, 2004 Penyetujuan
     Habsyah Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Fiji Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 10, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Filipina Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 15, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Gabon Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 8, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Gambia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 23, 2002 Ratifikasi
     Ghana Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 30, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Grenada Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Guatemala Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Guinea Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Guinea Khatulistiwa Sep 16, 1998 Penyetujuan
     Guinea-Bissau Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 22, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Guyana Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Haiti Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 15, 2006 Ratifikasi
     Honduras Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 24, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Hungary Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 6, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Iceland Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 5, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Indonesia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 16, 2007 Ratifikasi
     Iraq Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Penyetujuan
     Ireland Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Itali Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 23, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Jamaica Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 17, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Jerman Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 23, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Jepun Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 30, 1998 Penerimaan
     Jordan Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Nov 13, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Kanada Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Kemboja Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 28, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Kenya Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 23, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Kepulauan Cook Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Kepulauan Solomon Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 26, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Kiribati Sep 7, 2000 Penyetujuan
     Kuwait Jul 31, 2007 Penyetujuan
     Latvia Jul 1, 2005 Penyetujuan
     Lesotho Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Liberia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Penyetujuan
     Liechtenstein Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Lithuania Feb 26, 1999 Mei 12, 2003 Ratifikasi
     Luxembourg Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 14, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Macedonia Sep 9, 1998 Penyetujuan
     Madagaskar Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 16, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Malawi Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Malaysia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 22, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Maldives Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Sep 7, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Mali Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 2, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Malta Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 7, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Mauritania Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 21, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Mauritius Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Mexico Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 9, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Moldova Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 8, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Monaco Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 17, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Montenegro Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Succession
     Mozambique Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Namibia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 21, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Nauru Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Penyetujuan
     New Zealand Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 27, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Nicaragua Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 30, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Niger Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Nigeria Sep 27, 2001 Penyetujuan
     Niue Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 15, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Norway Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 9, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Palau Nov 19, 2007 Penyetujuan
     Panama Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Papua New Guinea Jun 28, 2004 Penyetujuan
     Paraguay Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 13, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Perancis Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 23, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Peru Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 17, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Portugal Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 19, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Qatar Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Republik Afrika Tengah Nov 8, 2002 Penyetujuan
     Republik Czech Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Republik Demokratik Congo Mei 2, 2002 Penyetujuan
     Republik Dominika Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 30, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Romania Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 30, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Rwanda Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 8, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Saint Kitts dan Nevis Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Saint Lucia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 13, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Aug' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Samoa Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 23, 1998 Ratifikasi
     San Marino Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     São Tomé dan Príncipe Apr 30, 1998 Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Senegal Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 24, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Sepanyol Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 19, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Serbia Sep 18, 2003 Penyetujuan
     Seychelles Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 2, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Sierra Leone Jul 29, 1998 Apr 25, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Slovakia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 25, 1999 Approval
     Slovenia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Sudan Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Suriname Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 23, 2002 Ratifikasi
     Swaziland Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Sweden Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 30, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Switzerland Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Tajikistan Error in Template:Dts: 'Oct' is not a valid month Penyetujuan
    Takhta Suci Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 17, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Tanjung Verde Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Mei 14, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Tanzania Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 13, 2000 Ratifikasi
     Thailand Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Nov 27, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Timor-Leste Mei 7, 2003 Penyetujuan
     Togo Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Error in Template:Dts: 'Mar' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     Trinidad dan Tobago Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 27, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Tunisia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 9, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Turki Sep 25, 2003 Penyetujuan
     Turkmenistan Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jan 19, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Uganda Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 25, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Ukraine Feb 24, 1999 Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Ratifikasi
     United Kingdom Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jul 31, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Uruguay Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 7, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Vanuatu Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 16, 2005 Ratifikasi
     Venezuela Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Apr 14, 1999 Ratifikasi
     Yaman Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 1, 1998 Ratifikasi
     Yunani Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Sep 25, 2003 Ratifikasi
     Zambia Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Feb 23, 2001 Ratifikasi
     Zimbabwe Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month Jun 18, 1998 Ratifikasi

    Negara yang menandatangani tetapi belum meratifikasi[sunting | sunting sumber]

    State Signed
     Kepulauan Marshall Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month
     Poland Error in Template:Dts: 'Dec' is not a valid month

    Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

    Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

    Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Ottawa&oldid=4287771"